Gamithromycin in swine: Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation against swine respiratory disease

• Published in: Veterinary medicine and science 2021-03, Vol.7 (2), p.455-464
• Main Authors: Hamel, Dietmar, Richard‐Mazet, Alexandra, Voisin, Florian, Böhne, Inge, Fraisse, Florence, Rauh, Renate, Huang, Rose, Kellermann, Michael, Letendre, Laura, Dumont, Pascal, Rehbein, Steffen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal welfare; Bioavailability; Catheters; Cattle; clinical efficacy; Dosage; Drug dosages; Farms; Field study; gamithromycin; Hogs; Original; Pharmacokinetics; Physiology; Plasma; Regression analysis; respiratory disease; Respiratory diseases; Statistical analysis; swine
• ISSN: 2053-1095; 2053-1095
• DOI: 10.1002/vms3.375

The pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin were evaluated in 26 male castrated and female crossbred swine administered gamithromycin 15% w/v (Zactran®, Boehringer Ingelheim) intravenously at 6 mg/kg bodyweight or intramuscularly at 3, 6 or 12 mg/kg bodyweight. Blood samples were collected up to Day 10 to establish the plasma profile of gamithromycin, bioavailability and dose proportionality. When administered by intramuscular injection at 6 mg/kg BWT, pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: area under the curve until last quantifiable plasma concentration, 5.13 ± 0.957 µg*hours/ml; maximum plasma concentration, 960 ± 153 ng/ml at 5 to 15 min; terminal half‐life of 94.1 ± 20.4 hr. Absolute bioavailability was 92.2%. Increase in systemic exposure was proportional to the gamithromycin dose level over the range 3–12 mg/kg BWT. No gender‐related statistically significant difference in exposure was observed. For clinical evaluation of Zactran® against swine respiratory disease, 305 pigs from six commercial farms in three countries in Europe with signs associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and/or Haemophilus parasuis and/or Pasteurella multocida and/or Bordetella bronchiseptica were used. At each site, animals were treated once in a 1:1 ratio with a single intramuscular dose of Zactran® (6 mg gamithromycin/kg bodyweight) or Zuprevo® (4% w/v tildipirosin at 4 mg/kg bodyweight; MSD Animal Health) at the recommended dose respectively. Animals were observed and scored daily for 10 consecutive days for signs of swine respiratory disease (depression, respiration and rectal temperature), and animals presenting signs of clinical swine respiratory disease (Depression Score 3 and/or Respiratory Score 3 associated with Rectal Temperature > 40.0°C) were removed from the study and considered as treatment failure. Animals which remained in the study were individually assessed for ʽtreatment successʼ or ʽtreatment failureʼ (Depression Score ≥ 1 and Rectal Temperature > 40.0°C or Respiratory Score ≥ 1 and Rectal Temperature > 40.0°C). Using a non‐inferiority hypothesis test (non‐inferiority margin = 0.10), the proportion of treatment successes in the Zactran® group (97%) was equivalent to or better than that in the Zuprevo® group (93%). Intramuscular injection of gamithromycin 15% w/v in swine at 6 mg/kg is characterized by rapid absorption and distribution to tissues. Clinical evaluation in an European field study incorporating 305 swine has shown safe and efficacious