In-Orbit Measurements and Analysis of Radio Interference in the UHF Amateur Radio Band from the LUME-1 Satellite

Radio interference in the uplink makes communication to satellites in the UHF amateur radio band (430–440 MHz) challenging for any satellite application. Interference measurements and characterisation can improve the robustness and reliability of the communication system design. Most published resul...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-08, Vol.13 (16), p.3252
Main Authors: Quintana-Diaz, Gara, Ekman, Torbjörn, Lago Agra, José Miguel, Hurtado de Mendoza, Diego, González Muíño, Alberto, Aguado Agelet, Fernando
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Amateur radio
amateur radio band
Coefficient of variation
Communications systems
Error correction & detection
in-orbit measurements
interference statistics
Internet of Things
Laboratories
Measurement methods
Noise
Radar
Radio frequency interference
Radio interference
Random noise
Remote sensing
Satellite communications
Satellite tracking
Satellites
SDR (Software-Defined Radio)
small satellite
Small satellites
Software
Software radio
Spectrum allocation
Systems design
Temporal variations
Theoretical analysis
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Summary:Radio interference in the uplink makes communication to satellites in the UHF amateur radio band (430–440 MHz) challenging for any satellite application. Interference measurements and characterisation can improve the robustness and reliability of the communication system design. Most published results focus on average power spectrum measurements and heatmaps. We apply a low complexity estimator on an SDR (Software-Defined Radio) to study the interference’s dispersion and temporal variation on-board a small satellite as an alternative. Measuring the Local Mean Envelope (LME) variability with different averaging window lengths enables the estimation of time variability of the interference. The coefficient of variation for the LME indicates how much the signals vary in time and the spread in magnitudes. In this article, theoretical analysis, simulations, and laboratory results were used to validate this measurement method. In-orbit measurements were performed on-board the LUME-1 satellite. Band-limited interference with pulsed temporal behaviour and a high coefficient of variation was detected over North America, Europe, and the Arctic, where space-tracking radars are located. Wide-band pulsed interference with high time variability was also detected over Europe. These measurements show why operators that use a communication system designed for Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) at power levels obtained from heatmaps struggle to command their satellites.
ISSN:2072-4292
2072-4292
DOI:10.3390/rs13163252