Conventionally trapped natural gas accumulations in the Jurassic tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study from the Center of the Western Sichuan Basin, SW China

• Published in: Energy exploration & exploitation 2018-09, Vol.36 (5), p.1022-1039
• Main Authors: Guo, Yingchun, Song, Licai, Fang, Xinxin, Zhang, Kaixun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accumulation; Carbon isotopes; Gases; Geological faults; Intervals; Jurassic; Kerogen; Mathematical analysis; Microfracture; Natural gas; Permeability; Porosity; Research Article; Reservoirs; Rocks; Sandstone; Triassic
• ISSN: 0144-5987; 2048-4054
• DOI: 10.1177/0144598717746522

Tight gas accumulations, commonly characterized by low permeability, low porosity, and complicated pore structure, are widely distributed in the Sichuan Basin. Recent exploration in the Chengdu Sag, Western Sichuan Basin has proven that Jurassic tight-sandstone reservoirs attach significant gas potential. However, long distance migration between source and reservoir intervals entangles understanding of the tight-gas accumulation mechanism. It is unclear whether producible gas in Jurassic intervals is either from “simple sweet-spots in a continuous accumulation” or “conventionally trapped accumulations in low-permeability reservoir rocks”. To identify the regionally active gas system and characterize the charging pattern, a geochemical study was performed by interpreting the gas molecular and carbon isotope compositions in Jurassic and conducting gas–source correlations as well as gas migration distance calculation with the relationship among δ13C₁ vs. Rₒ vs. H (burial depth). Research results indicate that the Jurassic tight gases in Majing-Shifang areas are coal-derived dry gases generated by the primary cracking of kerogen. Gas/source correlation and gas migration distance calculation reveal that gases are mainly sourced from the Upper Triassic humic source rocks (T₃x⁵, the fifth member of the Xujiahe Formation). Gas accumulations in the Jurassic Penglaizhen Formation were formed with an original vertical migration of about 2–3 km and then a long-distance lateral migration within tight sand layers, which is verified by the decreasing δ13C₁ and the general increasing iC₄/nC₄ in the Penglaizhen Formation. The Jurassic tight-sandstone reservoirs in Majing-Shifang areas occur in low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir rocks in conventional lithological traps, which are not continuous-type gas accumulations or basin-centered gas systems. The faults in Majing area serve as dominant vertical conducting pathway and the relatively permeable intervals within Jurassic and microfractures play an important role in the development of the conventionally trapped natural gas accumulations.