Association Between High Perceived Stress Over Time and Incident Hypertension in Black Adults: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study

Background Chronic psychological stress has been associated with hypertension, but few studies have examined this relationship in blacks. We examined the association between perceived stress levels assessed annually for up to 13 years and incident hypertension in the Jackson Heart Study, a community...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the American Heart Association 2019-11, Vol.8 (21), p.e012139-e012139
Main Authors: Spruill, Tanya M, Butler, Mark J, Thomas, S Justin, Tajeu, Gabriel S, Kalinowski, Jolaade, Castañeda, Sheila F, Langford, Aisha T, Abdalla, Marwah, Blackshear, Chad, Allison, Matthew, Ogedegbe, Gbenga, Sims, Mario, Shimbo, Daichi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
African Americans
Blacks
blood pressure
chronic stress
Diagnostic Self Evaluation
Female
Humans
hypertension
Hypertension - epidemiology
Hypertension - etiology
Incidence
Jackson Heart Study
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Middle Aged
Original Research
Stress, Psychological - complications
Stress, Psychological - diagnosis
Time Factors
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Summary:Background Chronic psychological stress has been associated with hypertension, but few studies have examined this relationship in blacks. We examined the association between perceived stress levels assessed annually for up to 13 years and incident hypertension in the Jackson Heart Study, a community-based cohort of blacks. Methods and Results Analyses included 1829 participants without hypertension at baseline (Exam 1, 2000-2004). Incident hypertension was defined as blood pressure≥140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use at Exam 2 (2005-2008) or Exam 3 (2009-2012). Each follow-up interval at risk of hypertension was categorized as low, moderate, or high perceived stress based on the number of annual assessments between exams in which participants reported "a lot" or "extreme" stress over the previous year (low, 0 high stress ratings; moderate, 1 high stress rating; high, ≥2 high stress ratings). During follow-up (median, 7.0 years), hypertension incidence was 48.5%. Hypertension developed in 30.6% of intervals with low perceived stress, 34.6% of intervals with moderate perceived stress, and 38.2% of intervals with high perceived stress. Age-, sex-, and time-adjusted risk ratios (95% CI) associated with moderate and high perceived stress versus low perceived stress were 1.19 (1.04-1.37) and 1.37 (1.20-1.57), respectively ( trend
ISSN:2047-9980
2047-9980
DOI:10.1161/JAHA.119.012139