Effects of cultivar resistances and chemical seed treatments on fusarium head blight and bread wheat yield-related parameters under field condition in southern Ethiopia

• Published in: Heliyon 2022-01, Vol.8 (1), p.e08659-e08659, Article e08659
• Main Authors: Mengesha, Getachew Gudero, Abebe, Shiferaw Mekonnen, Mekonnen, Asaminew Amare, G/Mikael Esho, Abate, Lera, Zerhun Tomas, Shertore, Misgana Mitku, Fedilu, Kedir Bamud, Tadesse, Yosef Berihun, Tsakamo, Yisahak Tsegaye, Issa, Bilal Temmam, Cheleko, Dizgo Chencha, W/Silassie, Agdew Bekele
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AUDPC; Chemical seed treatment; Cost-benefit analysis; Fusarium head blight; Grain yield; Incidence; Severity; Wheat cultivars; Yield loss
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08659

Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), FHB, is considered among the economically significant and destructive diseases of wheat. Thus, the study was worked out at seven sites in southern Ethiopia during the 2019 main cropping year to decide the effects of host resistance and chemical seed treatment on the progress of FHB epidemics and to decide grain yield benefit and yield losses derived from the use of wheat cultivars integrated with chemical seed treatments. The field study was worked out with the integration of two wheat cultivars, including Shorima as well as Hidase, and five chemical seed treatments, including Carboxin, Thiram + Carbofuran, Imidalm, Proceed Plus, and Thiram Granuflo. Twelve experimental treatments were arrayed in factorial arrangement with randomized complete block design. Each experimental treatment was replicated three times and delegated at random to experimental plots within a block. Significant (P < 0.01) variations were observed among the evaluated treatment combinations for rates of disease progress, incidence, severity, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and yield-related parameters across the locations. Results showed that the lowest incidence was registered on Shorima treated with Thiram + Carbofuran fungicide (27.40%). The lowest mean disease severity was recorded from Shorima integrated with Imidalm (21.23%) and Shorima treated with Thiram + Carbofuran (21.78%). The AUDPC was as low as 211.27, 226.39, and 236.46%-days were recorded on Shorima treated with Imidalm, Thiram + Carbofuran, and Proceed Plus, respectively. The highest disease severity of 57.91% (Hidase) and 27.22% (Shorima), and AUDPC of 552.71%-days (Hidase) and 313.04%-days (Shorima) were recorded from untreated control plots of the two cultivars. Paramount grain yield was found from Shorima treated with Imidalm and Dynamic fungicides, each of which was noted with GY of 4.40 and 4.05 t ha−1, respectively. Results also showed the highest yield losses (21.89 and 23.23%) were computed on untreated control plots of the cultivars Hidase and Shorima, respectively, compared with maximum protected experimental treatment for both cultivars. Moreover, cost-benefit analysis confirmed that Shorima treated with Imidalm exhibited the most prominent net benefit (NB) ($67,381.26 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) (4.43), followed by Shorima treated with Thiram + Carbofuran (NB of $60,837.76 ha−1 and BCR of 3.98). Based on the lowest yield loss and