Literature Review and Thermodynamic Modelling of Roasting Processes for Lithium Extraction from Spodumene

This review adds to the public domain literature on the extraction of lithium from mineral ores. The focus is on the pyrometallurgical pre-treatment of spodumene. Information on the phase transformation from α to β, the heat treatment methods as well as the behavior of various compounds in the roast...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metals (Basel ) 2020-10, Vol.10 (10), p.1312
Main Authors: Fosu, Allen Yushark, Kanari, Ndue, Vaughan, James, Chagnes, Alexandre
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Baking
Calcium chloride
Carbonization
Chemical engineering
Chemical Sciences
Chlorination
Crystal structure
Energy
Fluorination
Heat
Heat treatment
Hydrometallurgy
Literature reviews
lithium
Lithium oxides
Microwave heating
Other
Particle size
Phase transitions
Public domain
Roasting
Sintering
Spodumene
Sulfation
Thermodynamic models
thermodynamics
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Summary:This review adds to the public domain literature on the extraction of lithium from mineral ores. The focus is on the pyrometallurgical pre-treatment of spodumene. Information on the phase transformation from α to β, the heat treatment methods as well as the behavior of various compounds in the roasting processes are evaluated. Insight into the chemical thermodynamics of the baking process is evaluated using HSC Chemistry software up to 1200 °C. It was observed that the alkaline, sulfation, chlorination (using Cl2 and CaCl2), carbonizing (to form Li2CO3) and fluorination processes were feasible either throughout or at a point within the temperature range considered. Chlorination using KCl and carbonizing to form Li2O are the processes found to be nonspontaneous throughout the temperatures considered.
ISSN:2075-4701
2075-4701
DOI:10.3390/met10101312