Keeping it tight: The relationship between bacterial dysbiosis, septate junctions, and the intestinal barrier in Drosophila

Maladaptive changes in the intestinal flora, typically referred to as bacterial dysbiosis, have been linked to intestinal aging phenotypes, including an increase in intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, activation of inflammatory pathways, and increased intestinal permeability . However, the cau...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fly (Austin, Tex.) Tex.), 2018-01, Vol.12 (1), p.34-40
Main Authors: Resnik-Docampo, Martin, Sauer, Vivien, Schinaman, Joseph M, Clark, Rebecca I, Walker, David W, Jones, D Leanne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Animals
bacterial dysbiosis
Drosophila melanogaster - cytology
Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology
Drosophila melanogaster - physiology
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome
gliotactin
intestinal barrier
intestinal stem cells
Intestines - cytology
Intestines - microbiology
septate junctions
Stem Cells - cytology
Tight Junctions
tricellular junctions
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Summary:Maladaptive changes in the intestinal flora, typically referred to as bacterial dysbiosis, have been linked to intestinal aging phenotypes, including an increase in intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, activation of inflammatory pathways, and increased intestinal permeability . However, the causal relationships between these phenotypes are only beginning to be unravelled. We recently characterized the age-related changes that occur to septate junctions (SJ) between adjacent, absorptive enterocytes (EC) in the fly intestine. Changes could be observed in the overall level of SJ proteins, as well as the localization of a subset of SJ proteins. Such age-related changes were particularly noticeable at tricellular junctions (TCJ) . Acute loss of the Drosophila TCJ protein Gliotactin (Gli) in ECs led to rapid activation of stress signalling in stem cells and an increase in ISC proliferation, even under axenic conditions; a gradual disruption of the intestinal barrier was also observed. The uncoupling of changes in bacteria from alterations in ISC behaviour and loss of barrier integrity has allowed us to begin to explore the interrelationship of these intestinal aging phenotypes in more detail and has shed light on the importance of the proteins that contribute to maintenance of the intestinal barrier.
ISSN:1933-6934
1933-6942
DOI:10.1080/19336934.2018.1441651