Metabolic profiles of saliva in male mouse models of chronic sleep disorders induced by psychophysiological stress

• Published in: Scientific reports 2023-07, Vol.13 (1), p.11156-11156, Article 11156
• Main Authors: Oishi, Katsutaka, Yajima, Yuhei, Yoshida, Yuta, Hagihara, Hideo, Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi, Higo-Yamamoto, Sayaka, Toyoda, Atsushi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/443/319/1557; 631/443/376; Alanine; Amino acids; Animal models; Animals; Central nervous system; Chronic Disease; Cognitive ability; Disease Models, Animal; Down-regulation; Fabaceae; Glucose metabolism; Glycine; Histidine; Humanities and Social Sciences; Information processing; Kynurenic acid; Male; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic pathways; Metabolism; Metabolites; Metabolome; Methionine; Mice; multidisciplinary; Psychophysiology; Pyruvic acid; Risk factors; Saliva; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sleep; Sleep disorders; Social conditions; Threonine; Tricarboxylic acid cycle
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38289-1

Disordered sleep is a global social problem and an established significant risk factor for psychological and metabolic diseases. We profiled non-targeted metabolites in saliva from mouse models of chronic sleep disorder (CSD). We identified 288 and 55 metabolites using CE-FTMS and LC-TOFMS, respectively, among which concentrations of 58 (CE-FTMS) and three (LC-TOFMS) were significantly changed by CSD. Pathway analysis revealed that CSD significantly suppressed glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Arginine and proline metabolic pathways were among those that were both upregulated and downregulated. Pathways of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, genetic information processing, and the TCA cycle tended to be downregulated, whereas histidine metabolism tended to be upregulated in mice with CSD. Pyruvate, lactate, malate, succinate and the glycemic amino acids alanine, glycine, methionine, proline, and threonine were significantly decreased, whereas 3-hydroxybutyric and 2-hydroxybutyric acids associated with ketosis were significantly increased, suggesting abnormal glucose metabolism in mice with CSD. Increases in the metabolites histamine and kynurenic acid that are associated with the central nervous system- and decreased glycine, might be associated with sleep dysregulation and impaired cognitive dysfunction in mice with CSD. Our findings suggested that profiling salivary metabolites could be a useful strategy for diagnosing CSD.