Antiparasitic activity of natural and semi-synthetic tirucallane triterpenoids from Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae): structure/activity relationships

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2014-05, Vol.19 (5), p.5761-5776
• Main Authors: Morais, Thiago R, da Costa-Silva, Thais A, Tempone, Andre G, Borborema, Samanta Etel T, Scotti, Marcus T, de Sousa, Raquel Maria F, Araujo, Ana Carolina C, de Oliveira, Alberto, de Morais, Sérgio Antônio L, Sartorelli, Patricia, Lago, João Henrique G
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anacardiaceae - chemistry; Anacardiaceae - drug effects; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents - administration & dosage; Antiprotozoal Agents - administration & dosage; Chagas Disease - drug therapy; Chagas Disease - genetics; Chagas Disease - pathology; Humans; leaves; Leishmania (L.) infantum; Leishmania - drug effects; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Schinus terebinthifolius; structure-activity; Structure-Activity Relationship; tirucallane triterpenoids; Triterpenes - administration & dosage; Triterpenes - chemical synthesis; Triterpenes - chemistry; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosoma cruzi - drug effects
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055761

Leishmaniasis and Chagas are diseases caused by parasitic protozoans that affect the poorest population in the World, causing a high mortality and morbidity. As a result of highly toxic and long-term treatments, the discovery of novel, safe and more efficacious drugs is essential. In this work, the in vitro antiparasitic activity and mammalian cytotoxicity of three natural tirucallane triterpenoids, isolated from leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae), and nine semi-synthetic derivatives were investigated against Leishmania (L.) infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi. Trypomastigotes of T. cruzi were the most susceptible parasites and seven compounds demonstrated a trypanocidal activity with IC50 values in the range between 15 and 58 µg/mL. Four compounds demonstrated selectivity towards the intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania, with IC50 values in the range between 28 and 97 µg/mL. The complete characterization of triterpenoids was afforded after thorough analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data as well as electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Additionally, structure-activity relationships were performed using Decision Trees.