Nanozymes-Hitting the Biosensing "Target"

Nanozymes are a class of artificial enzymes that have dimensions in the nanometer range and can be composed of simple metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, dots (both quantum and carbon), nanotubes, nanowires, or multiple metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). They exhibit excellent cat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-07, Vol.21 (15), p.5201
Main Authors: Wu, Yingfen, Darland, Diane C, Zhao, Julia Xiaojun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antioxidants
Biocatalysts
biosensing
Biosensing Techniques
Biosensors
Cancer
Carbon
Catalysis
catalytic activity
Chemical reactions
Enzymes
Humans
Metal Nanoparticles
Metal oxides
Metal-Organic Frameworks
Metals
MicroRNAs
Nanoclusters
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Nanostructures
Nanotechnology
Nanowires
nanozyme
Nucleic acids
Oxidation
Peroxidase
Production costs
Quantum dots
Review
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Summary:Nanozymes are a class of artificial enzymes that have dimensions in the nanometer range and can be composed of simple metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, dots (both quantum and carbon), nanotubes, nanowires, or multiple metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). They exhibit excellent catalytic activities with low cost, high operational robustness, and a stable shelf-life. More importantly, they are amenable to modifications that can change their surface structures and increase the range of their applications. There are three main classes of nanozymes including the peroxidase-like, the oxidase-like, and the antioxidant nanozymes. Each of these classes catalyzes a specific group of reactions. With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the variety of applications for nanozymes in diverse fields has expanded dramatically, with the most popular applications in biosensing. Nanozyme-based novel biosensors have been designed to detect ions, small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and cancer cells. The current review focuses on the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes, their application in biosensing, and the identification of future directions for the field.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s21155201