The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review

• Published in: Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-02, Vol.9 (2), p.475
• Main Authors: Ishikawa, Yuki, Terao, Chikashi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alleles; anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide/protein antibody (acpa); Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies - immunology; Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies - metabolism; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - genetics; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - immunology; cigarette smoking; Cigarette Smoking - adverse effects; Cigarette Smoking - genetics; Cigarette Smoking - immunology; environmental risk factors; Epitopes - genetics; etiology; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; genetics; hla-drb1; HLA-DRB1 Chains - genetics; HLA-DRB1 Chains - immunology; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Review; rheumatoid arthritis (ra); rheumatoid factor (rf); Rheumatoid Factor - immunology; Rheumatoid Factor - metabolism; Risk Factors; shared epitope allele; single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)
• ISSN: 2073-4409; 2073-4409
• DOI: 10.3390/cells9020475

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and subsequent proliferation of synovial tissues, which eventually leads to cartilage and bone destruction without effective treatments. Anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide/protein antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are two main characteristic autoantibodies found in RA patients and are associated with unfavorable disease outcomes. Although etiologies and causes of the disease have not been fully clarified yet, it is likely that interactive contributions of genetic and environmental factors play a main role in RA pathology. Previous works have demonstrated several genetic and environmental factors as risks of RA development and/or autoantibody productions. Among these, cigarette smoking and are the well-established environmental and genetic risks, respectively. In this narrative review, we provide a recent update on genetic contributions to RA and the environmental risks of RA with a special focus on cigarette smoking and its impacts on RA pathology. We also describe gene-environmental interaction in RA pathogenesis with an emphasis on cigarette smoking and .