Immunological perspectives on atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression

Atherosclerosis serves as the primary catalyst for numerous cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence suggests that the immune response is involved in every stage of atherosclerotic plaque evolution. Rapid, but not specific, innate immune arms, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2024-09, Vol.15, p.1437821
Main Authors: Pi, Hui, Wang, Guangliang, Wang, Yu, Zhang, Ming, He, Qin, Zheng, Xilong, Yin, Kai, Zhao, Guojun, Jiang, Ting
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Animals
atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - immunology
Atherosclerosis - pathology
Disease Progression
Humans
immune cell heterogeneity
immune response
Immunity, Innate
immunotherapy
inflammatory microenvironment
plaque evolution
Plaque, Atherosclerotic - immunology
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Summary:Atherosclerosis serves as the primary catalyst for numerous cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence suggests that the immune response is involved in every stage of atherosclerotic plaque evolution. Rapid, but not specific, innate immune arms, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and other innate immune cells, as well as pattern-recognition receptors and various inflammatory mediators, contribute to atherogenesis. The specific adaptive immune response, governed by T cells and B cells, antibodies, and immunomodulatory cytokines potently regulates disease activity and progression. In the inflammatory microenvironment, the heterogeneity of leukocyte subpopulations plays a very important regulatory role in plaque evolution. With advances in experimental techniques, the fine mechanisms of immune system involvement in atherosclerotic plaque evolution are becoming known. In this review, we examine the critical immune responses involved in atherosclerotic plaque evolution, in particular, looking at atherosclerosis from the perspective of evolutionary immunobiology. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between plaque evolution and plaque immunity provides clues for strategically combating atherosclerosis.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1437821