Gang membership and marijuana use among African American female adolescents in North Carolina

The southeastern US sustains the highest high school dropout rates, and gangs persist in underserved communities. African American female adolescents who drop out of school and are gang members are at substantial risk of exposure to severe violence, physical abuse, and sexual exploitation. In this s...

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Published in:Substance abuse and rehabilitation 2015-01, Vol.6 (default), p.141-150
Main Authors: Wechsberg, Wendee M, Doherty, Irene A, Browne, Felicia A, Kline, Tracy L, Carry, Monique G, Raiford, Jerris L, Herbst, Jeffrey H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Addictive behaviors
Adolescents
African Americans
Age
AIDS
Alcohol
Alcohol use
Analysis
Behavioral sciences
Disadvantaged
Domestic violence
Drug abuse
Drug use
Drugs and youth
Emotional abuse
Emotional support
Exploitation
Females
Gangs
Gender
Health aspects
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Imprisonment
Juvenile offenders
Law enforcement
Marijuana
Membership
Original Research
Poverty
Public health
Risk behavior
Risk factors
School dropouts
Secondary schools
Sexual abuse
Sexual behavior
Smoking
Teenagers
Trends
Violent crime
Womens health
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container_start_page 141
container_title Substance abuse and rehabilitation
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creator Wechsberg, Wendee M
Doherty, Irene A
Browne, Felicia A
Kline, Tracy L
Carry, Monique G
Raiford, Jerris L
Herbst, Jeffrey H
description The southeastern US sustains the highest high school dropout rates, and gangs persist in underserved communities. African American female adolescents who drop out of school and are gang members are at substantial risk of exposure to severe violence, physical abuse, and sexual exploitation. In this study of 237 female African American adolescents 16-19 years of age from North Carolina who dropped out or considered dropping out, 11% were current or past gang members. Adolescents who reported gang membership began smoking marijuana at a mean age of 13, whereas those who reported no gang membership began at a mean age of 15 years (P
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African American female adolescents who drop out of school and are gang members are at substantial risk of exposure to severe violence, physical abuse, and sexual exploitation. In this study of 237 female African American adolescents 16-19 years of age from North Carolina who dropped out or considered dropping out, 11% were current or past gang members. Adolescents who reported gang membership began smoking marijuana at a mean age of 13, whereas those who reported no gang membership began at a mean age of 15 years (P&lt;0.001). The mean ages of first alcohol use were 14 years and 15 years for gang members and non-gang members, respectively (P=0.04). Problem alcohol use was high in both groups: 40% and 65% for non-gang and gang members, respectively (P=0.02). Controlling for frequent marijuana use and problem alcohol use, adolescents who reported gang membership were more likely than non-gang members to experience sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR] =2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.06, 6.40]), experience physical abuse (OR =7.33, 95% CI [2.90, 18.5]), report emotional abuse from their main partner (OR =3.55, 95% CI [1.44, 8.72]), run away from home (OR =4.65, 95% CI [1.90, 11.4]), get arrested (OR =2.61, 95% CI [1.05, 6.47]), and report violence in their neighborhood including murder (OR =3.27, 95% CI [1.35, 7.96]) and fights with weapons (OR =3.06, 95% CI [1.15, 8.11]). Gang members were less likely to receive emotional support (OR =0.89, 95% CI [0.81, 0.97]). These findings reinforce the urgent need to reach young African American women in disadvantaged communities affiliated with gangs to address the complexity of context and interconnected risk behaviors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1179-8467</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1179-8467</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S93304</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26635492</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New Zealand: Dove Medical Press Limited</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Addictive behaviors ; Adolescents ; African Americans ; Age ; AIDS ; Alcohol ; Alcohol use ; Analysis ; Behavioral sciences ; Disadvantaged ; Domestic violence ; Drug abuse ; Drug use ; Drugs and youth ; Emotional abuse ; Emotional support ; Exploitation ; Females ; Gangs ; Gender ; Health aspects ; HIV ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Imprisonment ; Juvenile offenders ; Law enforcement ; Marijuana ; Membership ; Original Research ; Poverty ; Public health ; Risk behavior ; Risk factors ; School dropouts ; Secondary schools ; Sexual abuse ; Sexual behavior ; Smoking ; Teenagers ; Trends ; Violent crime ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Substance abuse and rehabilitation, 2015-01, Vol.6 (default), p.141-150</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Dove Medical Press Limited</rights><rights>2015. 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This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-af5063a90666146fe5cea811d91fb6513f59f0a6d0525f3c6a13729f6f60b7623</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2228642751/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2228642751?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27344,27924,27925,33774,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635492$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wechsberg, Wendee M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doherty, Irene A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Browne, Felicia A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kline, Tracy L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carry, Monique G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raiford, Jerris L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herbst, Jeffrey H</creatorcontrib><title>Gang membership and marijuana use among African American female adolescents in North Carolina</title><title>Substance abuse and rehabilitation</title><addtitle>Subst Abuse Rehabil</addtitle><description>The southeastern US sustains the highest high school dropout rates, and gangs persist in underserved communities. African American female adolescents who drop out of school and are gang members are at substantial risk of exposure to severe violence, physical abuse, and sexual exploitation. In this study of 237 female African American adolescents 16-19 years of age from North Carolina who dropped out or considered dropping out, 11% were current or past gang members. Adolescents who reported gang membership began smoking marijuana at a mean age of 13, whereas those who reported no gang membership began at a mean age of 15 years (P&lt;0.001). The mean ages of first alcohol use were 14 years and 15 years for gang members and non-gang members, respectively (P=0.04). Problem alcohol use was high in both groups: 40% and 65% for non-gang and gang members, respectively (P=0.02). 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African American female adolescents who drop out of school and are gang members are at substantial risk of exposure to severe violence, physical abuse, and sexual exploitation. In this study of 237 female African American adolescents 16-19 years of age from North Carolina who dropped out or considered dropping out, 11% were current or past gang members. Adolescents who reported gang membership began smoking marijuana at a mean age of 13, whereas those who reported no gang membership began at a mean age of 15 years (P&lt;0.001). The mean ages of first alcohol use were 14 years and 15 years for gang members and non-gang members, respectively (P=0.04). Problem alcohol use was high in both groups: 40% and 65% for non-gang and gang members, respectively (P=0.02). Controlling for frequent marijuana use and problem alcohol use, adolescents who reported gang membership were more likely than non-gang members to experience sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR] =2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.06, 6.40]), experience physical abuse (OR =7.33, 95% CI [2.90, 18.5]), report emotional abuse from their main partner (OR =3.55, 95% CI [1.44, 8.72]), run away from home (OR =4.65, 95% CI [1.90, 11.4]), get arrested (OR =2.61, 95% CI [1.05, 6.47]), and report violence in their neighborhood including murder (OR =3.27, 95% CI [1.35, 7.96]) and fights with weapons (OR =3.06, 95% CI [1.15, 8.11]). Gang members were less likely to receive emotional support (OR =0.89, 95% CI [0.81, 0.97]). These findings reinforce the urgent need to reach young African American women in disadvantaged communities affiliated with gangs to address the complexity of context and interconnected risk behaviors.</abstract><cop>New Zealand</cop><pub>Dove Medical Press Limited</pub><pmid>26635492</pmid><doi>10.2147/SAR.S93304</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source Taylor & Francis; Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central; Sociological Abstracts
subjects Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Addictive behaviors
Adolescents
African Americans
Age
AIDS
Alcohol
Alcohol use
Analysis
Behavioral sciences
Disadvantaged
Domestic violence
Drug abuse
Drug use
Drugs and youth
Emotional abuse
Emotional support
Exploitation
Females
Gangs
Gender
Health aspects
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Imprisonment
Juvenile offenders
Law enforcement
Marijuana
Membership
Original Research
Poverty
Public health
Risk behavior
Risk factors
School dropouts
Secondary schools
Sexual abuse
Sexual behavior
Smoking
Teenagers
Trends
Violent crime
Womens health
title Gang membership and marijuana use among African American female adolescents in North Carolina
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