Effects of low-level RF fields reveal complex pattern of magnetic input to the avian magnetic compass

• Published in: Scientific reports 2023-11, Vol.13 (1), p.19970-19970, Article 19970
• Main Authors: Muheim, Rachel, Phillips, John B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/158/2039; 631/378/3917; 631/601/18; 639/766/747; Animals; Biologi; Biological Sciences; Birds; Confusion; Familiarity; Field tests; Humanities and Social Sciences; Magnetic compass; Magnetic Fields; Magnetics; multidisciplinary; Natural Sciences; Naturvetenskap; Perception; Radio frequency; Radio Waves; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Songbirds - physiology; Training; Zoologi; Zoology
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46547-5

The avian magnetic compass can be disrupted by weak narrow-band and broadband radio-frequency (RF) fields in the lower MHz range. However, it is unclear whether disruption of the magnetic compass results from the elimination of the perception pattern produced by the magnetic field or from qualitative changes that make the pattern unrecognizable. We show that zebra finches trained in a 4-arm maze to orient relative to the magnetic field are disoriented when tested in the presence of low-level (~ 10 nT) Larmor-frequency RF fields. However, they are able to orient when tested in such RF fields if trained under this condition, indicating that the RF field alters, but does not eliminate, the magnetic input. Larmor-frequency RF fields of higher intensities, with or without harmonics, dramatically alter the magnetic compass response. In contrast, exposure to broadband RF fields in training, in testing, or in both training and testing eliminates magnetic compass information. These findings demonstrate that low-level RF fields at intensities found in many laboratory and field experiments may have very different effects on the perception of the magnetic field in birds, depending on the type and intensity of the RF field, and the birds’ familiarity with the RF-generated pattern.