Genetic Involvement of Mycobacterium avium Complex in the Regulation and Manipulation of Innate Immune Functions of Host Cells

complex (MAC), a collection of mycobacterial species representing nontuberculous mycobacteria, are characterized as ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogens. The incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases caused by MAC have been emerging globally due to complications in the treatment of MAC-pulmo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-03, Vol.22 (6), p.3011
Main Authors: Shin, Min-Kyoung, Shin, Sung Jae
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacteria
Biological Evolution
Birds
Disease
Drug resistance
Epidemiology
epithelial cells
Evolution & development
Gene loci
Genetic analysis
Genetic engineering
Genetic Markers
Genomes
Genomics
Host range
Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics
Humans
Immunity, Innate - genetics
Immunocompetence
Infections
Infectious diseases
Lung diseases
M. avium subsp. hominissuis
macrophages
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Mycobacterium avium Complex - genetics
Mycobacterium avium Complex - immunology
Opportunist infection
Pathogens
Review
Tactics
Tuberculosis
Virulence
Virulence factors
virulence-associated genes
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Summary:complex (MAC), a collection of mycobacterial species representing nontuberculous mycobacteria, are characterized as ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogens. The incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases caused by MAC have been emerging globally due to complications in the treatment of MAC-pulmonary disease (PD) in humans and the lack of understating individual differences in genetic traits and pathogenesis of MAC species or subspecies. Despite genetically close one to another, mycobacteria species belonging to the MAC cause diseases to different host range along with a distinct spectrum of disease. In addition, unlike , the underlying mechanisms for the pathogenesis of MAC infection from environmental sources of infection to their survival strategies within host cells have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we highlight unique genetic and genotypic differences in MAC species and the virulence factors conferring the ability to MAC for the tactics evading innate immune attacks of host cells based on the recent advances in genetic analysis by exemplifying subsp. , a major representative pathogen causing MAC-PD in humans. Further understanding of the genetic link between host and MAC may contribute to enhance host anti-MAC immunity, but also provide novel therapeutic approaches targeting the pangenesis-associated genes of MAC.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22063011