Determinants of Harem Size in a Polygynous Primate: Reproductive Success and Social Benefits

We used long-term data on the variation in harem size in Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys to research the effects of harem size on reproductive success and the ratio of grooming received to given (RGRG). The results suggest that harem holders derive reproductive benefits commensurate with harem size, where...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals (Basel) 2021-10, Vol.11 (10), p.2915
Main Authors: Xia, Wancai, Grueter, Cyril C., Ren, Baoping, Zhang, Dejun, Yuan, Xiaoxia, Li, Dayong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal reproduction
Breeding success
Competition
Data analysis
Data collection
Disintegration
Enlargement
Females
Fruits
Grooming
harem size
Males
Monkeys
one-male unit
Physiology
Primates
Reproduction
reproductive success
snub-nosed monkey
Success
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Summary:We used long-term data on the variation in harem size in Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys to research the effects of harem size on reproductive success and the ratio of grooming received to given (RGRG). The results suggest that harem holders derive reproductive benefits commensurate with harem size, whereas the females’ reproductive success is unaffected by harem size. Males of larger harems groomed less and had higher RGRG than males of smaller harems. In the case of females, grooming given increased, and RGRG decreased with an increase in harem size. The males’ reproductive success seems to be a driver of harem size maximization. From the females’ perspective, dwindling social benefits appear to set the upper limit for harem enlargement. We also showed that males of monogamous units (‘single-female harems’) invested more into grooming their female, presumably to prevent unit disintegration and loss of mating privileges.
ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani11102915