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Forestry development, water scarcity, and the Mapuche protest for environmental justice in Chile

Abstract From a theoretical approach based on political ecology and environmental justice, we assess how forestry development has generated socio-spatial dynamics of environmental degradation and water scarcity in southern Chile. Through historical-geographical and ethnographic methods, we discuss h...

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Published in:Ambiente & sociedade 2016-03, Vol.19 (1), p.121-144
Main Authors: TORRES-SALINAS, ROBINSON, GARCÍA, GERARDO AZÓCAR, HENRÍQUEZ, NOELIA CARRASCO, ZAMBRANO-BIGIARINI, MAURICIO, COSTA, TATIANA, BOLIN, BOB
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Language:English
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Summary:Abstract From a theoretical approach based on political ecology and environmental justice, we assess how forestry development has generated socio-spatial dynamics of environmental degradation and water scarcity in southern Chile. Through historical-geographical and ethnographic methods, we discuss how and why the spread of forestry plantations has significantly influenced social and environmental degradation of the Mapuche's modes of living. In response, during recent decades a political articulation of a Mapuche social movement is observed. Their demands include land, autonomy, rights and opportunities to frame their own development strategies. Within the internal diversity of this movement, a key principle is reversing the spread of environmental degradation by recovering the native forest and its natural water cycles, which have been disrupted significantly by the increasing of forestry plantations. We explore these dynamics of the Mapuche movement from an environmental justice approach. Resumen Desde un enfoque basado en la ecología política y la justicia ambiental, evaluamos cómo el desarrollo forestal silvícola ha generado dinámicas socio-espaciales de degradación ambiental y escasez hídrica en el sur de Chile. Mediante métodos histórico-geográfico y etnográfico, discutimos cómo y porqué el avance y consolidación del sector forestal ha influido significativamente en una creciente degradación social y ambiental de las condiciones de vida de las comunidades Mapuche. En respuesta, durante las últimas décadas se observa la articulación política de un movimiento social Mapuche, cuyas demandas son tierra, autonomía, respeto de derechos y posibilidades de guiar su propio desarrollo. Dentro de la diversidad interna de este movimiento, destaca la idea de revertir el avance de la degradación ambiental, que implica recuperar el bosque nativo, especialmente sus ciclos naturales de agua, interrumpidos significativamente por el avance de monocultivos forestales. Exploramos estas dinámicas del movimiento Mapuche desde la mirada de la justicia ambiental. Resumo Com um enfoque baseado na ecologia política e na justiça ambiental, avaliamos como o desenvolvimento florestal silvícola tem gerado dinâmicas socio-espaciais de degradação ambiental e escassez hídrica no sul do Chile. Através de métodos histórico-geográfico e etnográfico, discutimos como e porque o avanço e a consolidação do setor florestal tem influenciado significativamente na crescente degradação social e
ISSN:1414-753X
1414-753X
1809-4422
DOI:10.1590/1809-4422asoc150134r1v1912016