In vitro characterization and in vivo toxicity, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effect of fermented foods; Xeniji

• Published in: BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2017-06, Vol.17 (1), p.344-344, Article 344
• Main Authors: Zulkawi, Noraisyah, Ng, Kam Heng, Zamberi, Rizi, Yeap, Swee Keong, Satharasinghe, Dilan, Jaganath, Indu Bala, Jamaluddin, Anisah Binti, Tan, Sheau Wei, Ho, Wan Yong, Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu, Long, Kamariah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino acids; Animals; Antioxidant; Antioxidants; Antioxidants (Nutrients); Antioxidants - analysis; Antioxidants - toxicity; Bacteria; Biocompatibility; blood serum; Cereals; Chronic illnesses; Citric acid; Citrus fruits; complement; enzymes; Fermentation; Fermented food; Fermented foods; Flavonoids; Food; Food Analysis; Food processing industry; Fruit - chemistry; Fruit - microbiology; Functional Food - analysis; functional foods; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Health aspects; Immunity; Immunologic Factors - analysis; Immunologic Factors - toxicity; Immunomodulation; immunomodulators; In vitro methods and tests; lactic acid; Lactic acid bacteria; liver; Liver - enzymology; Lymphocytes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microorganisms; mortality; Nutritional aspects; Nutritive Value; Organ Size; Organic acid; Oxidative stress; phylloquinone; Physiological aspects; Polyphenols; Properties; spleen; Spleen - growth & development; subchronic toxicity; T cells; tissue weight; Toxicity; Vegetables; Vegetables - chemistry; Vegetables - microbiology; Yeast; yeasts; β-Carotene
• ISSN: 1472-6882; 1472-6882
• DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1845-6

Xeniji, produced by fermenting various types of foods with lactic acid bacteria and yeast, has been commonly consumed as functional food. However, nutrition value, bioactivities and safety of different fermented products maybe varies. Organic acid and antioxidant profiles of Xeniji fermented foods were evaluated. Moreover, oral acute (5 g/kg body weight) and subchronic toxicity (0.1, 1 and 2 g/kg body weight) of Xeniji were tested on mice for 14 days and 30 days, respectively. Mortality, changes of body weight, organ weight and serum liver enzyme level were measured. Liver and spleen of mice from subchronic toxicity study were subjected to antioxidant and immunomodulation quantification. Xeniji was rich in β-carotene, phytonadione, polyphenol, citric acid and essential amino acids. No mortality and significant changes of body weight and serum liver enzyme level were recorded for both oral acute and subchronic toxicity studies. Antioxidant level in the liver and immunity of Xeniji treated mice were significantly upregulated in dosage dependent manner. Xeniji is a fermented functional food that rich in nutrients that enhanced antioxidant and immunity of mice. Xeniji that rich in β-carotene, phytonadione, polyphenol, citric acid and essential amino acids promote antioxidant and immunity in mice without causing toxic effect.