Levels of Inflammatory and Bone Metabolic Markers in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Individuals Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment in Comparison to Those Utilizing Invisalign

• Published in: Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Lithuania), 2023-12, Vol.59 (12), p.2107
• Main Authors: Alnazeh, Abdullah A, Kamran, Muhammad Abdullah, Aseeri, Yahya, Alrwuili, Mohammad Raji, Aljabab, Mohammed Ahmed, Baig, Eisha Abrar, Hameed, Mohammad Shahul
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: bone metabolism biomarker; Cytokines; Enzymes; fixed orthodontic therapy; gingival crevicular fluid; invisalign; Metabolism; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Oral hygiene; Orthodontics; Proteins; Sample size; Statistical analysis
• ISSN: 1648-9144; 1010-660X; 1648-9144
• DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122107

: Evaluation of the levels of cytokine and bone metabolic biomarkers (BMBs) in patients receiving fixed orthodontic therapy (FOT) and Invisalign. : Sixty participants were enrolled after meeting the predefined inclusion criteria. Patients then underwent either FOT or Invisalign by allocating them randomly to each group (n = 30). The basic periodontal assessment was performed, including the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BoP), at baseline and again after 4 weeks. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were taken from each individual at baseline and after 4 weeks. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to determine the cytokine and BMB levels. An unpaired -test compared the FOT and Invisalign group's means and SDs. Paired -tests examined the difference between T0 baseline and T1. : Patients treated with either FOT or Invisalign presented no statistically significant difference in terms of periodontal parameters such as PI, GI, and BoP ( > 0.05). The levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in patients treated with FOT as compared to Invisalign at T1 ( < 0.05) The other tested cytokines, IL-10, 13, 17, and GM-CSF, were not significantly different in either the FOT or Invisalign group at baseline and 4 weeks follow-up ( > 0.05). Regarding BMBs, it was detected that NTx and OC levels in both of the investigated groups were not significantly different at baseline and after 4 weeks ( > 0.05). However, NTx levels rose significantly ( < 0.05) and OC levels fell from T0 to T1. : FOT and Invisalign displayed comparable outcomes in terms of cytokine and BMB levels. However, only IL-6 and NTx were significantly different at week 4 from baseline.