Wages, integration, migration motivation: cases of export industry employees in Tijuana and Tangiers-Tetouan

Recent commentaries on migration integration suggest that researchers focus more on cities than nation states and include considerations of political economy, societal inequality and shifts in production. This article analyses how different aspects of wages of export industry (EI) migrant and border...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Comparative migration studies 2020-09, Vol.8 (1), p.1-17, Article 32
Main Authors: Kopinak, Kathryn, Hennebry, Jenna, Soriano-Miras, Rosa Maria, Trinidad Requena, Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Export industry
Integration
Living wage
Maquiladora
Migration
Migration system
Original Article
Population Economics
Social Sciences
Sociology
Wage-labor
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Summary:Recent commentaries on migration integration suggest that researchers focus more on cities than nation states and include considerations of political economy, societal inequality and shifts in production. This article analyses how different aspects of wages of export industry (EI) migrant and borderlander workers in Tijuana, Mexico and Tangiers-Tetouan, Morocco limit their socioeconomic integration and lead to their greater identification with foreign standards, stimulating emigration northward. Using the new theory of migration systems, real and indirect wages are found to be major system elements initiating and deepening inequality, and providing for comparisons between natives, foreigners and expatriates, creating relative deprivation. System dynamics, such as border characteristics, insecurity, and currency markets uniquely contribute to inadequate settlement south of the US border. While EI wages are shown to poorly integrate migrant workers structurally in both cities, employment there supports incorporation into northern countries. The paper contributes to migration integration research by adding to the few studies which use wages as an indicator of integration and by focusing on low income regions instead of high income countries which constitute most previous research.
ISSN:2214-594X
2214-594X
DOI:10.1186/s40878-020-00198-x