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Strength enhancement of concrete using incinerated agricultural waste as supplementary cement materials

The potassium (K) and sodium (Na) elements in banana are needed for hydration reaction that can enhance the strength properties of concrete. This research aims (a) to determine the material engineering properties of banana skin ash (BSA) and concrete containing BSA, (b) to measure the strength enhan...

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Published in:Scientific reports 2021-06, Vol.11 (1), p.12722-12722, Article 12722
Main Authors: Manan, Teh Sabariah Binti Abd, Kamal, Nur Liyana Mohd, Beddu, Salmia, Khan, Taimur, Mohamad, Daud, Syamsir, Agusril, Itam, Zarina, Jusoh, Hisyam, Basri, Nur Amalina Nadiah, Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini Wan, Isa, Mohamed Hasnain, Shafiq, Nasir, Ahmad, Amirrudin, Rasdi, Nadiah Wan
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creator Manan, Teh Sabariah Binti Abd
Kamal, Nur Liyana Mohd
Beddu, Salmia
Khan, Taimur
Mohamad, Daud
Syamsir, Agusril
Itam, Zarina
Jusoh, Hisyam
Basri, Nur Amalina Nadiah
Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini Wan
Isa, Mohamed Hasnain
Shafiq, Nasir
Ahmad, Amirrudin
Rasdi, Nadiah Wan
description The potassium (K) and sodium (Na) elements in banana are needed for hydration reaction that can enhance the strength properties of concrete. This research aims (a) to determine the material engineering properties of banana skin ash (BSA) and concrete containing BSA, (b) to measure the strength enhancement of concrete due to BSA, and (c) to identify optimal application of BSA as supplementary cement materials (SCM) in concrete. The BSA characterization were assessed through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Blaine’s air permeability. The workability, compressive strength, and microstructures of concrete containing BSA were analysed using slump test, universal testing machine (UTM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A total of 15 oxides and 19 non-oxides elements were identified in BSA with K (43.1%) the highest and Na was not detected. At 20 g of mass, the BSA had a higher bulk density (198.43 ± 0.00 cm 3 ) than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) (36.32 ± 0.00 cm 3 ) indicating availability of large surface area for water absorption. The concrete workability was reduced with the presence of BSA (0% BSA: > 100 mm, 1% BSA: 19 ± 1.0 mm, 2%: 15 ± 0.0 mm, 3% BSA: 10 ± 0.0 mm). The compressive strength increased with the number of curing days. The concrete microstructures were improved; interfacial transition zones (ITZ) decreased with an increase of BSA. The optimal percentage of BSA obtained was at 1.25%. The established model showed significant model terms (Sum of Squares = 260.60, F value = 69.84) with probability of 0.01% for the F-value to occur due to noise. The established model is useful for application in construction industries.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41598-021-92017-1
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This research aims (a) to determine the material engineering properties of banana skin ash (BSA) and concrete containing BSA, (b) to measure the strength enhancement of concrete due to BSA, and (c) to identify optimal application of BSA as supplementary cement materials (SCM) in concrete. The BSA characterization were assessed through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Blaine’s air permeability. The workability, compressive strength, and microstructures of concrete containing BSA were analysed using slump test, universal testing machine (UTM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A total of 15 oxides and 19 non-oxides elements were identified in BSA with K (43.1%) the highest and Na was not detected. At 20 g of mass, the BSA had a higher bulk density (198.43 ± 0.00 cm 3 ) than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) (36.32 ± 0.00 cm 3 ) indicating availability of large surface area for water absorption. The concrete workability was reduced with the presence of BSA (0% BSA: &gt; 100 mm, 1% BSA: 19 ± 1.0 mm, 2%: 15 ± 0.0 mm, 3% BSA: 10 ± 0.0 mm). The compressive strength increased with the number of curing days. The concrete microstructures were improved; interfacial transition zones (ITZ) decreased with an increase of BSA. The optimal percentage of BSA obtained was at 1.25%. The established model showed significant model terms (Sum of Squares = 260.60, F value = 69.84) with probability of 0.01% for the F-value to occur due to noise. The established model is useful for application in construction industries.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>34135374</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-021-92017-1</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects 639/166
639/301
Agricultural wastes
Cement
Concrete
Construction industry
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Permeability
Portland cement
Scanning electron microscopy
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Transition zone
X-ray fluorescence
title Strength enhancement of concrete using incinerated agricultural waste as supplementary cement materials
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