Initial evaluation of universal immunization with a single dose against hepatitis A virus in Central Brazil

Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus (HAV) administered in two doses has been used effectively in universal child immunization programs in several countries. A single-dose vaccination was adopted in some low-income countries in an attempt to reduce costs without losing effectiveness. In 2014, s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases 2018-05, Vol.22 (3), p.166-170
Main Authors: Brito, Wagner Izidoro de, Alves-Junior, Eduardo Rodrigues, Oliveira, Rode Martinho de, Souto, Francisco José Dutra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-HAV
Brazil - epidemiology
Child
Dried Blood Spot Testing
Female
Hepatitis A - epidemiology
Hepatitis A - prevention & control
Hepatitis A Antibodies - blood
Hepatitis A vaccine
Hepatitis A Vaccines - administration & dosage
Hepatitis A Vaccines - immunology
Hepatitis A Virus, Human - immunology
Humans
Immunization programs
Immunization Schedule
Immunoenzyme Techniques
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Logistic Models
Male
Mass Vaccination - methods
Original
Program Evaluation
Retrospective Studies
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Single-dose schedule
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Summary:Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus (HAV) administered in two doses has been used effectively in universal child immunization programs in several countries. A single-dose vaccination was adopted in some low-income countries in an attempt to reduce costs without losing effectiveness. In 2014, single-dose universal vaccination was introduced in Brazil for children aged two years. Since such strategy is still not universally accepted, its efficacy should be compared to the two-dose strategy. To assess the humoral response after the single-dose HAV vaccination schedule, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Primavera do Leste, in Mato Grosso state, Central Brazil, including 265 children vaccinated through the National Immunization Program. Blood was collected by using a digital puncture and further applied to filter paper cards. Anti-HAV was detected in 218 out of 265 dried blood spots (DBS). Blood venous samples were collected from 34 out of 47 children who were not anti-HAV positive in DBS samples. Eighteen of them tested positive for anti-HAV, giving a final score of 93.6% (236/252) of seropositivity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a high rate of anti-HAV positivity in the short term after single-dose hepatitis A vaccination in the population investigated. Moreover, the DBS was shown to be a reliable tool for detecting anti-HAV antibodies.
ISSN:1413-8670
1678-4391
1678-4391
DOI:10.1016/j.bjid.2018.04.001