Synthetic Post-Contrast Imaging through Artificial Intelligence: Clinical Applications of Virtual and Augmented Contrast Media

Contrast media are widely diffused in biomedical imaging, due to their relevance in the diagnosis of numerous disorders. However, the risk of adverse reactions, the concern of potential damage to sensitive organs, and the recently described brain deposition of gadolinium salts, limit the use of cont...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceutics 2022-11, Vol.14 (11), p.2378
Main Authors: Pasquini, Luca, Napolitano, Antonio, Pignatelli, Matteo, Tagliente, Emanuela, Parrillo, Chiara, Nasta, Francesco, Romano, Andrea, Bozzao, Alessandro, Di Napoli, Alberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute renal failure
Algorithms
Artificial intelligence
augmented contrast
Biomedical engineering
Classification
Clinical medicine
Contrast agents
Contrast media
Deep learning
Drug dosages
Health aspects
Machine learning
Methods
MRI
Neural networks
Prevention
Review
Risk factors
synthetic imaging
virtual contrast
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Summary:Contrast media are widely diffused in biomedical imaging, due to their relevance in the diagnosis of numerous disorders. However, the risk of adverse reactions, the concern of potential damage to sensitive organs, and the recently described brain deposition of gadolinium salts, limit the use of contrast media in clinical practice. In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to biomedical imaging has led to the development of 'virtual' and 'augmented' contrasts. The idea behind these applications is to generate synthetic post-contrast images through AI computational modeling starting from the information available on other images acquired during the same scan. In these AI models, non-contrast images (virtual contrast) or low-dose post-contrast images (augmented contrast) are used as input data to generate synthetic post-contrast images, which are often undistinguishable from the native ones. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances of AI applications to biomedical imaging relative to synthetic contrast media.
ISSN:1999-4923
1999-4923
DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics14112378