Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques

Nodularin (NOD) is a potent toxin produced by cyanobacteria. Usually, NOD co-exists with other microcystins in environmental waters, a class of cyanotoxins secreted by certain cyanobacteria species, which makes identification difficult in the case of mixed toxins. Herein we report a complete theoret...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-12, Vol.23 (24), p.15741
Main Authors: Brezeștean, Ioana Andreea, Gherman, Ana Maria Raluca, Colniță, Alia, Dina, Nicoleta Elena, Müller Molnár, Csilla, Marconi, Daniel, Chiș, Vasile, David, Ioan-Leontin, Cîntă-Pînzaru, Simona
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Bioaccumulation
Chromatography
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria - chemistry
cyanotoxin
Fish
Free surfaces
Hydrophobicity
Immunoassay
Liver
Mass spectrometry
Metal Nanoparticles
Microcystins
Microorganisms
Nanolithography
Nanoparticles
Nodularia
nodularin
Phosphatase
Poisoning
Proteins
Pyramids
Raman
Scientific imaging
SERS
Shellfish
Silver
Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods
Toxins
Vibration mode
Water quality
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Summary:Nodularin (NOD) is a potent toxin produced by cyanobacteria. Usually, NOD co-exists with other microcystins in environmental waters, a class of cyanotoxins secreted by certain cyanobacteria species, which makes identification difficult in the case of mixed toxins. Herein we report a complete theoretical DFT-vibrational Raman characterization of NOD along with the experimental drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) technique. In addition, we used the vibrational characterization to probe SERS analysis of NOD using colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), commercial nanopatterned substrates with periodic inverted pyramids (Klarite substrate), hydrophobic Tienta SpecTrim slides, and in-house fabricated periodic nanotrenches by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The 532 nm excitation source provided more well-defined bands even at LOD levels, as well as the best performance in terms of SERS intensity. This was reflected by the results obtained with the Klarite substrate and the silver-based colloidal system, which were the most promising detection approaches, providing the lowest limits of detection. A detection limit of 8.4 × 10 M was achieved for NOD in solution by using AgNPs. Theoretical computation of the complex vibrational modes of NOD was used for the first time to unambiguously assign all the specific vibrational Raman bands.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms232415741