New Opportunities for Preoperative Diagnosis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

The preoperative diagnostics of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), including the measuring of the blood calcitonin level, has a number of limitations. Particular focus has recently been placed on the role of miRNAs in the development of various malignant tumors; a comparative analysis of accuracy of...

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Published in:Biomedicines 2023-05, Vol.11 (5), p.1473
Main Authors: Lukyanov, Sergei A, Sergiyko, Sergei V, Titov, Sergei E, Beltsevich, Dmitry G, Veryaskina, Yulia A, Vanushko, Vladimir E, Urusova, Liliya S, Mikheenkov, Alexander A, Kozorezova, Evgeniya S, Vorobyov, Sergey L, Sleptsov, Ilya V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
Calcitonin
Cancer
Carcinoma
Cellular biology
Comparative analysis
Cytology
Diagnosis
fine-needle aspiration samples
Medical prognosis
medullary thyroid carcinoma
MicroRNA
MicroRNAs
miRNA
miRNA-375
molecular testing
Patients
Surgery
Thyroid cancer
Thyroid carcinoma
Thyroid diseases
Tumors
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Summary:The preoperative diagnostics of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), including the measuring of the blood calcitonin level, has a number of limitations. Particular focus has recently been placed on the role of miRNAs in the development of various malignant tumors; a comparative analysis of accuracy of the existing methods for MTC diagnosis with a novel diagnosis method, evaluation of the miRNA-375 expression level, was performed in this study. The expression level of miRNA-375 in cytology samples from 555 patients with the known histological diagnosis, including 41 patients with confirmed postoperative diagnosis of MTC, was assessed. The diagnostic parameters of the basal calcitonin level, calcitonin in wash-out fluid from the FNAB needle, and miRNA-375 were compared. An assessment of the miRNA-375 expression level made it possible to detect all the MTC samples with a 100% accuracy among all the 555 cytology specimens, as well as in non-informative FNAB specimens, and specimens from the ipsilateral thyroid lobe. Parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 100%. The miRNA-375 level, unlike calcitonin, does not correlate with tumor volume, so it does not have the so-called "gray zone". An assessment of the miRNA-375 expression allows one to accurately distinguish MTC from other malignant and benign thyroid tumors.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines11051473