The Progressive Utilization of Ponkan Peel Residue for Regulating Human Gut Microbiota through Sequential Extraction and Modification of Its Dietary Fibers

As a by-product of citrus processing, ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco, cv. Ponkan) peel residue is a source of high quality dietary fiber (DF). To make a full utilization of this resource and give a better understanding on the probiotic function of its DF, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Foods 2023-11, Vol.12 (22), p.4148
Main Authors: Gao, Pu, Zheng, Meiyu, Lu, Hanyu, Lu, Shengmin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Bacteroidetes
Broths
Byproducts
Cellulase
Citrus
Citrus fruits
Composition
Dietary fiber
Environmental impact
Ethanol
Fatty acids
Feces
Fermentation
Flavonoids
gut microbiota
Intestinal microflora
Isoflavones
microbial diversity
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Microorganisms
physical-enzymatic modification
ponkan peel residue
Probiotics
Relative abundance
Residues
short-chain fatty acids
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Summary:As a by-product of citrus processing, ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco, cv. Ponkan) peel residue is a source of high quality dietary fiber (DF). To make a full utilization of this resource and give a better understanding on the probiotic function of its DF, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) were extracted from ponkan peel residue (after flavonoids were extracted) using an alkaline method, followed by modifications using a composite physical-enzymatic treatment. The in vitro fermentation properties of the modified SDF and IDF (namely, MSDF and MIDF) and their effects on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and changes in the composition of human gut microbiota were investigated. Results showed that MSDF and MIDF both significantly lowered the pH value and enhanced total SCFA content in the broths after fermented for 24 h by fecal inocula (p < 0.05) with better effects found in MSDF. Both MSDF and MIDF significantly reduced the diversity, with more in the latter than the former, and influenced the composition of human gut microbiota, especially increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) value. The more influential microbiota by MSDF were g-Collinsella, p-Actinobacteria and g-Dialister, while those by MIDF were f-Veillonellaceae, c-Negativicutes and f-Prevotellacese. These results suggested that the modified ponkan peel residue DF can be utilized by specific bacteria in the human gut as a good source of fermentable fiber, providing a basis for the exploitation of the citrus by-product.
ISSN:2304-8158
2304-8158
DOI:10.3390/foods12224148