Immunologic Diagnosis of Endemic Mycoses

The endemic mycoses blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis, talaromycosis, adiaspiromycosis, and emergomycosis are mostly caused by geographically limited thermally dimorphic fungi (except for cryptococcosis), and their diagnoses can...

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Published in:Journal of fungi (Basel) 2022-09, Vol.8 (10), p.993
Main Authors: Almeida-Paes, Rodrigo, Bernardes-Engemann, Andrea Reis, da Silva Motta, Beatriz, Pizzini, Claudia Vera, de Abreu Almeida, Marcos, de Medeiros Muniz, Mauro, Dias, Renata Alves Barcelos, Zancopé-Oliveira, Rosely Maria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adiaspiromycosis
Antibodies
antibody
antigen
Antigens
Blastomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Cryptococcosis
Diagnosis
Efficiency
Enzymes
Fungal infections
Fungi
Histoplasmosis
Laboratories
Mycosis
paracoccidioidomycosis
Patients
Review
South American blastomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Urine
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Summary:The endemic mycoses blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis, talaromycosis, adiaspiromycosis, and emergomycosis are mostly caused by geographically limited thermally dimorphic fungi (except for cryptococcosis), and their diagnoses can be challenging. Usual laboratory methods involved in endemic mycoses diagnosis include microscopic examination and culture of biological samples; however, serologic, histopathologic, and molecular techniques have been implemented in the last few years for the diagnosis of these mycoses since the recovery and identification of their etiologic agents is time-consuming and lacks in sensitivity. In this review, we focus on the immunologic diagnostic methods related to antibody and antigen detection since their evidence is presumptive diagnosis, and in some mycoses, such as cryptococcosis, it is definitive diagnosis.
ISSN:2309-608X
2309-608X
DOI:10.3390/jof8100993