Different associations between waist circumference and bone mineral density stratified by gender, age, and body mass index

• Published in: BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2022-08, Vol.23 (1), p.1-786, Article 786
• Main Authors: Yin, Zhiqiang, Yan, Haihong, Yu, Yin, Liu, Yupeng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abdomen; Adjustment; Age; Age groups; Alcohol use; Body mass index; Bone density; Bone mass; Bone mineral density; Bones; Creatinine; Demographic aspects; Density; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; Fasting; Fractures; Gender; Glucose; Health aspects; Males; Musculoskeletal diseases; Osteoporosis; Physiological aspects; Population studies; Public health; Regression analysis; Sex (Biology); Smoking; Spine (lumbar); Statistical analysis; Waist circumference; Women
• ISSN: 1471-2474; 1471-2474
• DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05736-5

Introduction Investigations of the relationship between waist circumference (WC) and bone mineral density (BMD) have inconsistent and incomprehensive results. We explored the association between WC and BMD at various sites in a large-scale population-based study. Methods We screened 5337 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at various skeletal sites. The associations of WC with BMD were evaluated by weighted multivariable logistic regression models and conducted subgroup analyses for gender, age, and BMI. A weighted generalized additive model and a smooth curve fitting were performed to address non-linearity. Results Adjustments for all confounders, in males, WC was negatively correlated to BMD in different age and BMI groups (all the p < 0.05), except for in the lowest BMI group; in females, overall trends of relationships between WC and BMD were negative. However, statistical differences were insignificant in some cases. Additionally, every 1 cm increase in WC for individuals of all ages with normal BMI (18.5 [less than or equai to] BMI < 25) was associated with decrease in BMD at each skeletal site, as was the case for men with BMI [greater than or equal to] 25 kg/m.sup.2. For women, the negative association of WC with BMD was evident at the lumbar spine in the youngest age group (8 [less than or equai to] Age [less than or equai to] 18) with normal BMI. Conclusions The nonlinear associations between WC and BMD at various skeletal sites are gender-, age- and BMI-specific in the NHANES (2006-2006). Keywords: Waist circumference, Bone mineral density