Targeting light-gated chloride channels to neuronal somatodendritic domain reduces their excitatory effect in the axon

Light-gated chloride channels are emerging as promising optogenetic tools for inhibition of neural activity. However, their effects depend on the transmembrane chloride electrochemical gradient and may be complex due to the heterogeneity of this gradient in different developmental stages, neuronal t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:eLife 2018-08, Vol.7
Main Authors: Messier, Jessica E, Chen, Hongmei, Cai, Zhao-Lin, Xue, Mingshan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Action Potentials
Animals
Animals, Genetically Modified
axonal chloride
Brain
Chloride
Chloride channels
Chloride Channels - genetics
Chloride Channels - metabolism
Developmental stages
iC++
iChloC
Ion channels
Light
Mice
Neurons
Neurons - enzymology
Neurons - physiology
Neuroscience
Neurosciences
Neurotransmitter release
Normal distribution
Novels
optogenetic inhibition
Optogenetics
potassium channel Kv2.1
Protein Transport
Proteins
Recombinant Proteins - genetics
Recombinant Proteins - metabolism
telencephalin
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Summary:Light-gated chloride channels are emerging as promising optogenetic tools for inhibition of neural activity. However, their effects depend on the transmembrane chloride electrochemical gradient and may be complex due to the heterogeneity of this gradient in different developmental stages, neuronal types, and subcellular compartments. Here we characterized a light-gated chloride channel, GtACR2, in mouse cortical neurons. We found that GtACR2 activation inhibited the soma, but unexpectedly depolarized the presynaptic terminals resulting in neurotransmitter release. Other light-gated chloride channels had similar effects. Reducing the chloride concentrations in the axon and presynaptic terminals diminished the GtACR2-induced neurotransmitter release, indicating an excitatory effect of chloride channels in these compartments. A novel hybrid somatodendritic targeting motif reduced the GtACR2-induced neurotransmitter release while enhancing the somatic photocurrents. Our results highlight the necessity of precisely determining the effects of light-gated chloride channels under specific experimental conditions and provide a much-improved light-gated chloride channel for optogenetic inhibition.
ISSN:2050-084X
2050-084X
DOI:10.7554/eLife.38506