Response to lenvatinib and pembrolizumab combination therapy in pembrolizumab-pretreated relapsed endometrial cancer

• Published in: Gynecologic oncology reports 2022-12, Vol.44, p.101084, Article 101084
• Main Authors: Mimura, Kaito, Shimomura, Akihiko, Gota, Tomoko, Ando, Kenju, Kawamura, Yukino, Taniyama, Tomoko, Oishi, Hajime, Shimizu, Chikako
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Case Report; Combination therapy; Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Immunotherapy; Tumor microenvironment; Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
• ISSN: 2352-5789; 2352-5789
• DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2022.101084

•Few late-line therapies are available for advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer.•This case reports pembrolizumab-pretreated relapsed endometrial cancer responding to lenvatinib and pembrolizumab.•Lenvatinib and pembrolizumab is an option for endometrial cancer previously treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Uterine endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies worldwide. With relatively few options for late-line therapies for advanced or relapsed endometrial cancer, the use of pretreated therapies may broaden the choice of treatments. Here, we report a case of recurrent microsatellite instability-high endometrial cancer that acquired resistance to pembrolizumab but favorably responded to the lenvatinib and pembrolizumab combination therapy. Lenvatinib combined with pembrolizumab may be effective against endometrial cancer resistant to pembrolizumab monotherapy, encouraging its use regardless of prior administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Further investigation on the lenvatinib and pembrolizumab combination therapy and the mechanism underlying its anticancer effect may provide new insights into cancer immunotherapy and tumor microenvironments.