Methionine Diet Evoked Hyperhomocysteinemia Causes Hippocampal Alterations, Metabolomics Plasma Changes and Behavioral Pattern in Wild Type Rats

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2021-05, Vol.22 (9), p.4961
• Main Authors: Kovalska, Maria, Baranovicova, Eva, Kalenska, Dagmar, Tomascova, Anna, Adamkov, Marian, Kovalska, Libusa, Lehotsky, Jan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cerebrovascular diseases; Diet; DNA methylation; Enrichment; Hippocampus; Hippocampus - pathology; Homocysteine; Homocysteine - blood; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Hyperhomocysteinemia - blood; Hyperhomocysteinemia - metabolism; Hyperhomocysteinemia - pathology; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolism; Metabolites; Metabolomics; Methionine; methionine diet; Methylation; Morphology; morris water maze; Neurodegeneration; Neurons; Neuropathology; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oxidative stress; Plasma; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Spatial discrimination learning; Spatial memory; Staining and Labeling; Sulfur; Vascular diseases; wild-type rats
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094961

L-methionine, an essential amino acid, plays a critical role in cell physiology. High intake and/or dysregulation in methionine (Met) metabolism results in accumulation of its intermediate(s) or breakdown products in plasma, including homocysteine (Hcy). High level of Hcy in plasma, hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), is considered to be an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, stroke and dementias. To evoke a mild hHcy in adult male Wistar rats we used an enriched Met diet at a dose of 2 g/kg of animal weight/day in duration of 4 weeks. The study contributes to the exploration of the impact of Met enriched diet inducing mild hHcy on nervous tissue by detecting the histo-morphological, metabolomic and behavioural alterations. We found an altered plasma metabolomic profile, modified spatial and learning memory acquisition as well as remarkable histo-morphological changes such as a decrease in neurons' vitality, alterations in the morphology of neurons in the selective vulnerable hippocampal CA 1 area of animals treated with Met enriched diet. Results of these approaches suggest that the mild hHcy alters plasma metabolome and behavioural and histo-morphological patterns in rats, likely due to the potential Met induced changes in "methylation index" of hippocampal brain area, which eventually aggravates the noxious effect of high methionine intake.