The role of extracelluar matrix in osteosarcoma progression and metastasis

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy and responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality due to its high rates of pulmonary metastasis. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved 5-year survival rates for patients with localized OS from 20% to over 65%, outcomes for...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research 2020-09, Vol.39 (1), p.1-178, Article 178
Main Authors: Cui, Juncheng, Dean, Dylan, Hornicek, Francis J, Chen, Zhiwei, Duan, Zhenfeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Angiogenesis
Bone cancer
Cancer metastasis
Cancer therapies
Cell adhesion & migration
Chemotherapy
Collagen
Development and progression
Extracellular matrix
Genes
Health aspects
Medical prognosis
Metastasis
Mortality
Osteosarcoma
Physiological aspects
Prognostic biomarker
Proteins
Review
Sarcoma
Therapeutic target
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Summary:Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy and responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality due to its high rates of pulmonary metastasis. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved 5-year survival rates for patients with localized OS from 20% to over 65%, outcomes for those with metastasis remain dismal. In addition, therapeutic regimens have not significantly improved patient outcomes over the past four decades, and metastases remains a primary cause of death and obstacle in curative therapy. These limitations in care have given rise to numerous works focused on mechanisms and novel targets of OS pathogenesis, including tumor niche factors. OS is notable for its hallmark production of rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of osteoid that goes beyond simple physiological growth support. The aberrant signaling and structural components of the ECM are rich promoters of OS development, and very recent works have shown the specific pathogenic phenotypes induced by these macromolecules. Here we summarize the current developments outlining how the ECM contributes to OS progression and metastasis with supporting mechanisms. We also illustrate the potential of tumorigenic ECM elements as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the evolving clinical management of OS.
ISSN:1756-9966
0392-9078
1756-9966
DOI:10.1186/s13046-020-01685-w