Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Grain Number Determination in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

Rice grain yield is a complex trait determined by three components: panicle number, grain number per panicle (GNPP) and grain weight. GNPP is the major contributor to grain yield and is crucial for its improvement. GNPP is determined by a series of physiological and biochemical steps, including infl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-01, Vol.22 (2), p.728
Main Authors: Yin, Changxi, Zhu, Yanchun, Li, Xuefei, Lin, Yongjun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Crop yield
Edible Grain - genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Gene regulation
Genes
Genes, Plant
Genetic Association Studies - methods
grain number per panicle
grain yield
Hormones
Meristems
Oryza - genetics
phase transition
Phase transitions
Plant Development
Proteins
Quantitative Trait, Heritable
rachis branch
Review
Rice
rice panicle
Specialization
spikelet specialisation
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Summary:Rice grain yield is a complex trait determined by three components: panicle number, grain number per panicle (GNPP) and grain weight. GNPP is the major contributor to grain yield and is crucial for its improvement. GNPP is determined by a series of physiological and biochemical steps, including inflorescence development, formation of rachis branches such as primary rachis branches and secondary rachis branches, and spikelet specialisation (lateral and terminal spikelets). The molecular genetic basis of GNPP determination is complex, and it is regulated by numerous interlinked genes. In this review, panicle development and the determination of GNPP is described briefly, and GNPP-related genes that influence its determination are categorised according to their regulatory mechanisms. We introduce genes related to rachis branch development and their regulation of GNPP, genes related to phase transition (from rachis branch meristem to spikelet meristem) and their regulation of GNPP, and genes related to spikelet specialisation and their regulation of GNPP. In addition, we describe other GNPP-related genes and their regulation of GNPP. Research on GNPP determination suggests that it is possible to cultivate rice varieties with higher grain yield by modifying GNPP-related genes.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22020728