The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in colorectal cancer: metastasis, immune suppression, therapy resistance, and autophagy crosstalk

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in all biological fluids. EVs are implicated in diverse physiopathological processes by orchestrating cell-cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of translational medicine 2024-05, Vol.22 (1), p.452-452, Article 452
Main Authors: Rahmati, Soheil, Moeinafshar, Aysan, Rezaei, Nima
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Autophagy
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal Neoplasms - immunology
Colorectal Neoplasms - metabolism
Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology
Development and progression
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
Exosomes
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Health aspects
Humans
Immune suppression
Immunosuppression Therapy
Membrane lipids
Metastasis
Mortality
Neoplasm Metastasis
Proteins
Review
Therapy resistance
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Summary:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in all biological fluids. EVs are implicated in diverse physiopathological processes by orchestrating cell-cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality in CRC patients. EVs contribute significantly to the advancement and spread of CRC by transferring their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, to neighboring or distant cells. Besides, they can serve as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CRC or be harnessed as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic agents. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles by lysosomal degradation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy and EV release are coordinately activated in tumor cells and share common factors and regulatory mechanisms. Although the significance of autophagy and EVs in cancer is well established, the exact mechanism of their interplay in tumor development is obscure. This review focuses on examining the specific functions of EVs in various aspects of CRC, including progression, metastasis, immune regulation, and therapy resistance. Further, we overview emerging discoveries relevant to autophagy and EVs crosstalk in CRC.
ISSN:1479-5876
1479-5876
DOI:10.1186/s12967-024-05267-8