Tuberculous Pericarditis in Childhood: A Case Report and a Systematic Literature Review

Tuberculous pericarditis (TBP) is an important cause of pericarditis worldwide while being infrequent in childhood, especially in low-TB-incidence countries. We report a case of TBP and provide a systematic review of the literature, conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane to find cases o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2024-01, Vol.13 (2), p.110
Main Authors: Venuti, Laura, Condemi, Anna, Albano, Chiara, Boncori, Giovanni, Garbo, Valeria, Bagarello, Sara, Cascio, Antonio, Colomba, Claudia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdomen
Case reports
Case studies
childhood
Children
Cough
Diagnosis
Diseases
Dyspnea
Edema
Epidemiology
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Infectious diseases
Jugular vein
Literature reviews
Patients
pediatric tuberculosis
Pediatrics
pericardial effusion
Pericarditis
Pericardium
Respiration
Searching
Signs and symptoms
Systematic Review
Tuberculosis
tuberculous pericarditis
Turgor
Weight loss
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Summary:Tuberculous pericarditis (TBP) is an important cause of pericarditis worldwide while being infrequent in childhood, especially in low-TB-incidence countries. We report a case of TBP and provide a systematic review of the literature, conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane to find cases of TBP in pediatric age published in the English language between the year 1990 and the time of the search. Of the 587 search results obtained, after screening and a backward citation search, 45 studies were selected to be included in this review, accounting for a total of 125 patients. The main signs and symptoms were fever, cough, weight loss, hepatomegaly, dyspnea, and increased jugular venous pressure or jugular vein turgor. A definitive diagnosis of TBP was made in 36 patients, either thanks to microbiological investigations, histological analysis, or both. First-line antitubercular treatment (ATT) was administered in nearly all cases, and 69 children underwent surgical procedures. Only six patients died, and only two died of TBP. TBP in childhood is relatively uncommon, even in high-TB-prevalence countries. Clinical manifestations, often suggestive of right-sided cardiac failure, are subtle, and diagnosis is challenging. TBP has an excellent prognosis in childhood; however, in a significant proportion of cases, invasive surgical procedures are necessary.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens13020110