Hafnium-Doped Mesoporous Silica as Efficient Lewis Acidic Catalyst for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reactions

The development of an efficient solid catalyst for Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions is of great importance to organic synthetic chemistry. Herein, we reported the hafnium-doped mesoporous silica catalyst Hf/SBA-15 and its first use for Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions. Catalysts with different Si/Hf...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-08, Vol.9 (8), p.1128
Main Authors: Huang, Yao-Bing, Luo, Yu-Jia, Wang, Fei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcohol
Alcohols
Alkylation
Aqueous solutions
Aromatic compounds
aromatics
benzyl alcohol
Biomass
Carbon
Catalysts
Chemical industry
Fourier transforms
Friedel-Crafts reaction
Friedel–Crafts alkylation
Hafnium
hafnium-doped mesoporous silica
Hydrocarbons
Lewis acid
Organic chemistry
Photoelectron spectroscopy
Photoelectrons
Pyridines
Recyclability
Silica
Silicon dioxide
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Summary:The development of an efficient solid catalyst for Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions is of great importance to organic synthetic chemistry. Herein, we reported the hafnium-doped mesoporous silica catalyst Hf/SBA-15 and its first use for Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions. Catalysts with different Si/Hf ratios were prepared and characterized, among which Hf/SBA-15(20) (Si/Hf = 20:1) was the most active catalyst, offering up to 99.1% benzylated product under mild reaction conditions. The influences of reaction conditions on the product were systematically investigated and compared. Pyridine-IR characterization of the catalyst showed that Lewis acid formed the primary active sites for the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization revealed that the electron shift from the Hf center to the silica framework resulted in a more active Lewis metal center for FC reactions. Moreover, the catalyst was successfully applied to the alkylation reaction with different alcohols and aromatic compounds. Finally, the Hf/SBA-15(20) catalyst also showed good recyclability in the recycling runs, demonstrating its high potential of being used for large scale FC reactions in the industry.
ISSN:2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI:10.3390/nano9081128