Flocculating Activity of a Bioflocculant from Bacillus megaterium BMBF in Treatment of Domestic and Coal Mine Wastewater

Attention has been paid to bioflocculants production because of their effectiveness, innocuousness and environmental friendliness. This study aimed to characterise a bioflocculant from Bacillus megaterium BMBF and apply it in wastewater treatment. The proteins, carbohydrates and uronic acid were cal...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied sciences 2022-08, Vol.12 (16), p.8312
Main Authors: Selepe, Tlou Nelson, Akanbi, Remilekun, Maliehe, Tsolanku Sidney, Moganedi, Kgabo, Masoko, Peter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Amino groups
Bacillus megaterium
Bacillus megaterium BMBF
Biochemical oxygen demand
Biopolymers
Carbazole
Carbazoles
Carbohydrates
Cattle
Chemical composition
Chemical oxygen demand
Coal
Coal industry wastewaters
Coal mines
Coal mining
Colorimetry
Composition effects
Cytotoxicity
Dermis
Domestic wastewater
Efficiency
flocculation
Infrared spectroscopy
Jar tests
Microscopy
Phenols
Pollutants
Proteins
Reagents
reduction efficiency
Spectrometry
Sulfuric acid
Uronic acid
Vero cells
wastewater
Wastewater treatment
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Summary:Attention has been paid to bioflocculants production because of their effectiveness, innocuousness and environmental friendliness. This study aimed to characterise a bioflocculant from Bacillus megaterium BMBF and apply it in wastewater treatment. The proteins, carbohydrates and uronic acid were calculated using the Bradford, phenol–sulphuric acid and carbazole assays, respectively. An energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and infrared spectrometry were employed for the identification of the elemental composition and effective units, respectively. Cytotoxicity was carried out against Vero (African green monkey kidney) and bovine dermis cells using a colorimetric cytotoxicity assay. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) in domestic and coal mine wastewater was studied using the Jar test. The flocculant was composed of 12% protein, 27% carbohydrates and 61% uronic acid. Infrared spectrometry indicated hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups. EDX indicated C (61%) and O (17.5%) as the main elements. The bioflocculant revealed the mean inhibition concentration of 59 ug/mL against bovine dermis and 240 µg/mL on Vero cells. Maximum COD and BOD removal percentages of 97% and 99.3% were recorded on coal mine wastewater treatment and about 99.2% (COD) and 93% (BOD) on domestic wastewater. In conclusion, the bioflocculant from B. megaterium has potential industrial utility.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app12168312