Dimethyl Itaconate Inhibits Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells

Itaconate is a metabolite produced to counteract and resolve pro-inflammatory responses when macrophages are challenged with intracellular or extracellular stimuli. In the present study, we have observed that dimethyl itaconate (DMI) inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. DMI inhibits microphthalmi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants 2023-03, Vol.12 (3), p.692
Main Authors: Yu, Bo-Yeong, Ngo, Hoang Hai, Choi, Won Jun, Keum, Young-Sam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Dehydrogenases
dimethyl itaconate (DMI)
Dopachrome isomerase
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
Inflammation
KELCH-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)
Macrophages
Melanocortin
melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Melanoma
Metabolites
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)
NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)
Physiological aspects
Plasmids
Proteins
Radiation
Tyrosinase-related protein 1
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Summary:Itaconate is a metabolite produced to counteract and resolve pro-inflammatory responses when macrophages are challenged with intracellular or extracellular stimuli. In the present study, we have observed that dimethyl itaconate (DMI) inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. DMI inhibits microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and downregulates the expression of MITF target genes, such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). DMI also decreases the level of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and the production of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), resulting in the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and MITF activities. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study illustrates that the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety in DMI, a moiety required to target KELCH-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) to activate NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), is necessary to inhibit melanogenesis and knocking down Nrf2 attenuates the inhibition of melanogenesis by DMI. Together, our study reveals that the MC1R-ERK1/2-MITF axis regulated by the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway is the molecular target responsible for the inhibition of melanogenesis by DMI.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox12030692