Sperm Cryodamage in Ruminants: Understanding the Molecular Changes Induced by the Cryopreservation Process to Optimize Sperm Quality

Sperm cryopreservation represents a powerful tool for livestock breeding. Several efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of sperm cryopreservation in different ruminant species. However, a significant amount of sperm still suffers considerable cryodamage, which may affect sperm quality and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2020-04, Vol.21 (8), p.2781
Main Authors: Peris-Frau, Patricia, Soler, Ana Josefa, Iniesta-Cuerda, María, Martín-Maestro, Alicia, Sánchez-Ajofrín, Irene, Medina-Chávez, Daniela Alejandra, Fernández-Santos, María Rocío, García-Álvarez, Olga, Maroto-Morales, Alejandro, Montoro, Vidal, Garde, J Julián
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antioxidants
Cholesterol
Chromatin - physiology
Cryobiology
Cryopreservation
Cryoprotectants
Cryoprotectors
Dehydrogenases
Energy Metabolism
Enzymes
Fertility
Freezing
Lipid peroxidation
Lipids
Livestock
Male
Metabolism
Molecular modelling
Motility
Nanoparticles
Oxidative stress
Plasma
Proteins
Proteomics
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Reproductive technologies
Review
ruminant species
Ruminants
Semen Preservation
Sperm
sperm cryodamage
sperm cryopreservation
Sperm Motility - physiology
Spermatozoa - metabolism
Structure-function relationships
Vitrification
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Summary:Sperm cryopreservation represents a powerful tool for livestock breeding. Several efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of sperm cryopreservation in different ruminant species. However, a significant amount of sperm still suffers considerable cryodamage, which may affect sperm quality and fertility. Recently, the use of different "omics" technologies in sperm cryobiology, especially proteomics studies, has led to a better understanding of the molecular modifications induced by sperm cryopreservation, facilitating the identification of different freezability biomarkers and certain proteins that can be added before cryopreservation to enhance sperm cryosurvival. This review provides an updated overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in sperm cryodamage, which are in part responsible for the structural, functional and fertility changes observed in frozen-thawed ruminant sperm. Moreover, the molecular basis of those factors that can affect the sperm freezing resilience of different ruminant species is also discussed as well as the molecular aspects of those novel strategies that have been developed to reduce sperm cryodamage, including new cryoprotectants, antioxidants, proteins, nanoparticles and vitrification.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21082781