Implications of altered sirtuins in metabolic regulation and oral cancer

Sirtuins (SIRTs 1-7) are a group of histone deacetylase enzymes with a wide range of enzyme activities that target a range of cellular proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for posttranslational modifications by acetylation (SIRT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP ribosylation (SIRT4, 6, and 7). A...

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Published in:PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) CA), 2023-02, Vol.11, p.e14752-e14752, Article e14752
Main Authors: Quan, Xu, Xin, Ying, Wang, He-Ling, Sun, Yingjie, Chen, Chanchan, Zhang, Jiangying
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylation
Aging - genetics
Amino acids
Animals
Bacteria
Biochemistry
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Cell Biology
Cell cycle
Cellular proteins
Cytoplasm
Energy balance
Energy metabolism
Enzymatic activity
Enzymes
Histone deacetylase
Homeostasis
Insects
Localization
Longevity
Malignancy
Mammals - metabolism
Medical prognosis
Metabolic regulation
Metabolism
Metabolites
Mitochondria
Molecular Biology
Molecular modelling
Mouth Neoplasms
Nematodes
Oncology
Oral cancer
Otorhinolaryngology
Phenotypes
Phosphorylation
Physiology
Proteins
Ribosylation
SIRT1 protein
Sirtuin
Sirtuins
Sirtuins - genetics
Yeast
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Summary:Sirtuins (SIRTs 1-7) are a group of histone deacetylase enzymes with a wide range of enzyme activities that target a range of cellular proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for posttranslational modifications by acetylation (SIRT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP ribosylation (SIRT4, 6, and 7). A variety of cellular functions, including mitochondrial functions and functions in energy homeostasis, metabolism, cancer, longevity and ageing, are regulated by sirtuins. Compromised sirtuin functions and/or alterations in the expression levels of sirtuins may lead to several pathological conditions and contribute significantly to alterations in metabolic phenotypes as well as oral carcinogenesis. Here, we describe the basic characteristics of seven mammalian sirtuins. This review also emphasizes the key molecular mechanisms of sirtuins in metabolic regulation and discusses the possible relationships of sirtuins with oral cancers. This review will provide novel insight into new therapeutic approaches targeting sirtuins that may potentially lead to effective strategies for combating oral malignancies.
ISSN:2167-8359
2167-8359
DOI:10.7717/peerj.14752