Unveiling Therapeutic Targets for Esophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive and deadly disease, ranking as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis remains poor. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for achieving complete remission, with treatment options varying base...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current oncology (Toronto) 2023-10, Vol.30 (11), p.9542-9568
Main Authors: Acharya, Rakesh, Mahapatra, Ananya, Verma, Henu Kumar, Bhaskar, L V K S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer
Care and treatment
Cetuximab - therapeutic use
Development and progression
Endoscopy
Esophageal cancer
Esophageal Neoplasms - drug therapy
Health aspects
Humans
Immunotherapy
molecular markers
multidisciplinary approach
Nivolumab - therapeutic use
Oncology, Experimental
Prognosis
targeted therapy
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive and deadly disease, ranking as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis remains poor. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for achieving complete remission, with treatment options varying based on disease stage. Surgical intervention and endoscopic treatment are used for localized cancer, while systemic treatments like chemoradiotherapy and targeted drug therapy play a crucial role. Molecular markers such as HER2 and EGFR can be targeted with drugs like trastuzumab and cetuximab, and immunotherapy drugs like pembrolizumab and nivolumab show promise by targeting immune checkpoint proteins. Epigenetic modifications offer new avenues for targeted therapy. Treatment selection depends on factors like stage, tumor location, and patient health, with post-operative and rehabilitation care being essential. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and supportive care are key to improving outcomes. Continued research is needed to develop effective targeted drugs with minimal side effects. This review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers dedicated to enhancing esophageal cancer treatment outcomes.
ISSN:1718-7729
1198-0052
1718-7729
DOI:10.3390/curroncol30110691