Research Progress of the Ion Activity Coefficient of Polyelectrolytes: A Review

Polyelectrolyte has wide applications in biomedicine, agriculture and soft robotics. However, it is among one of the least understood physical systems because of the complex interplay of electrostatics and polymer nature. In this review, a comprehensive description is presented on experimental and t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-02, Vol.28 (5), p.2042
Main Authors: Zhang, Aokai, Yang, Xiuling, Yang, Feng, Zhang, Chunmei, Zhang, Qixiong, Duan, Gaigai, Jiang, Shaohua
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
activity coefficient
Activity coefficients
chemical potential
Computer simulation
Electrolytes
Electrostatic properties
Electrostatics
Equilibrium
Experimental methods
Hydrogels
Methods
nonideality
polyelectrolyte
Polyelectrolytes
Polymers
Review
Robotics
Salt
Simulation methods
Solvents
Thermodynamics
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Description
Summary:Polyelectrolyte has wide applications in biomedicine, agriculture and soft robotics. However, it is among one of the least understood physical systems because of the complex interplay of electrostatics and polymer nature. In this review, a comprehensive description is presented on experimental and theoretical studies of the activity coefficient, one of the most important thermodynamic properties of polyelectrolyte. Experimental methods to measure the activity coefficient were introduced, including direct potentiometric measurement and indirect methods such as isopiestic measurement and solubility measurement. Next, progress on the various theoretical approaches was presented, ranging from analytical, empirical and simulation methods. Finally, challenges for future development are proposed on this field.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules28052042