Possible Application of Melatonin in Long COVID

Clinical sequelae and symptoms for a considerable number of COVID-19 patients can linger for months beyond the acute stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection, “long COVID”. Among the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, cognitive issues (especially memory loss or “brain fog”), chronic fatigue, myalg...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-11, Vol.12 (11), p.1646
Main Authors: Cardinali, Daniel P, Brown, Gregory M, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antioxidants
brain fog
Brain research
Cardiovascular diseases
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic infection
Circadian rhythms
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Comorbidity
Convulsions & seizures
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Cytokines
Diabetes mellitus
Dosage and administration
Encephalomyelitis
Enzymes
Fatigue
fibromyalgia
Hypoxia
Infections
Inflammation
Insomnia
Intelligence tests
Ischemia
Long COVID
Melatonin
Memory
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolism
minimal cognitive impairment
Myalgia
Neurological complications
Neuroprotection
Pandemics
Patients
Review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Sleep
Systematic review
Viral infections
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Summary:Clinical sequelae and symptoms for a considerable number of COVID-19 patients can linger for months beyond the acute stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection, “long COVID”. Among the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, cognitive issues (especially memory loss or “brain fog”), chronic fatigue, myalgia, and muscular weakness resembling myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are of importance. Melatonin may be particularly effective at reducing the signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its functions as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immuno-modulatory agent. Melatonin is also a chronobiotic medication effective in treating delirium and restoring the circadian imbalance seen in COVID patients in the intensive care unit. Additionally, as a cytoprotector, melatonin aids in the prevention of several COVID-19 comorbidities, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases. This narrative review discusses the application of melatonin as a neuroprotective agent to control cognitive deterioration (“brain fog”) and pain in the ME/CFS syndrome-like documented in long COVID. Further studies on the therapeutic use of melatonin in the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection are warranted.
ISSN:2218-273X
2218-273X
DOI:10.3390/biom12111646