The Influence of Viral Infections on Iron Homeostasis and the Potential for Lactoferrin as a Therapeutic in the Age of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

The association of hyperinflammation and hyperferritinemia with adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients suggests an integral role for iron homeostasis in pathogenesis, a commonly described symptom of respiratory viral infections. This dysregulated iron homeostasis results in viral-induced l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2022-07, Vol.14 (15), p.3090
Main Authors: Ward, Jeffrey L, Torres-Gonzalez, Moises, Ammons, Mary Cloud B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anemia
Animals
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Cattle
Colostrum
COVID-19
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Cytokines
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
Gene expression
Glycoproteins
HIV
Homeostasis
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immunomodulation
Infections
Inflammation
Iron
Iron - metabolism
iron homeostasis
Lactoferrin
Lactoferrin - pharmacology
Lactoferrin - therapeutic use
Mammals - metabolism
Metabolism
Milk
Neutrophils
Pandemics
Peptides
Proteins
Review
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Therapeutic targets
Viral infections
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Summary:The association of hyperinflammation and hyperferritinemia with adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients suggests an integral role for iron homeostasis in pathogenesis, a commonly described symptom of respiratory viral infections. This dysregulated iron homeostasis results in viral-induced lung injury, often lasting long after the acute viral infection; however, much remains to be understood mechanistically. Lactoferrin is a multipurpose glycoprotein with key immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral functions, which can be found in various secreted fluids, but is most abundantly characterized in milk from all mammalian species. Lactoferrin is found at its highest concentrations in primate colostrum; however, the abundant availability of bovine-dairy-derived lactoferrin (bLf) has led to the use of bLf as a functional food. The recent research has demonstrated the potential value of bovine lactoferrin as a therapeutic adjuvant against SARS-CoV-2, and herein this research is reviewed and the potential mechanisms of therapeutic targeting are considered.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu14153090