Emerging 2D Nanomaterials‐Integrated Hydrogels: Advancements in Designing Theragenerative Materials for Bone Regeneration and Disease Therapy

• Published in: Advanced science 2024-08, Vol.11 (31), p.e2403204-n/a
• Main Authors: Zorrón, Melanie, Cabrera, Agustín López, Sharma, Riya, Radhakrishnan, Janani, Abbaszadeh, Samin, Shahbazi, Mohammad‐Ali, Tafreshi, Omid Aghababaei, Karamikamkar, Solmaz, Maleki, Hajar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 2D nanomaterials; Animals; Bone cancer; bone cancer therapy; Bone diseases; Bone marrow; bone regeneration; Bone Regeneration - drug effects; composites; Conductivity; Drug Delivery Systems - methods; Graphene; Graphite; Heat conductivity; Humans; hydrogel; Hydrogels; Hydrogels - chemistry; Infections; Maxillofacial surgery; Mechanical properties; Medical technology; Metastasis; Nanomaterials; Nanostructures - chemistry; Nanostructures - therapeutic use; Review; theragenerative materials; Tissue engineering; Toxicity; Tumors
• ISSN: 2198-3844; 2198-3844
• DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403204

This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis, processing, properties, and applications of 2D‐material integrated hydrogels, with a focus on their performance in bone‐related applications. Various synthesis methods and types of 2D nanomaterials, including graphene, graphene oxide, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXene are discussed, along with strategies for their incorporation into hydrogel matrices. These composite hydrogels exhibit tunable mechanical properties, high surface area, strong near‐infrared (NIR) photon absorption and controlled release capabilities, making them suitable for a range of regeneration and therapeutic applications. In cancer therapy, 2D‐material‐based hydrogels show promise for photothermal and photodynamic therapies, and drug delivery (chemotherapy). The photothermal properties of these materials enable selective tumor ablation upon NIR irradiation, while their high drug‐loading capacity facilitates targeted and controlled release of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, 2D‐materials ‐infused hydrogels exhibit potent antibacterial activity, making them effective against multidrug‐resistant infections and disruption of biofilm generated on implant surface. Moreover, their synergistic therapy approach combines multiple treatment modalities such as photothermal, chemo, and immunotherapy to enhance therapeutic outcomes. In bio‐imaging, these materials serve as versatile contrast agents and imaging probes, enabling their real‐time monitoring during tumor imaging. Furthermore, in bone regeneration, most 2D‐materials incorporated hydrogels promote osteogenesis and tissue regeneration, offering potential solutions for bone defects repair. Overall, the integration of 2D materials into hydrogels presents a promising platform for developing multifunctional theragenerative biomaterials. 2D nanomaterials, with their ultrathin structures and unique properties, have revolutionized hydrogel‐based therapies for bone regeneration and disease treatment. This review discusses advancements in integrating 2D materials like graphene and MXene into hydrogels, enhancing their mechanical properties, drug release capabilities, and therapeutic efficacy in bone repair, cancer treatments, and antibacterial applications.