A chemical threshold controls nanocrystallization and degassing behaviour in basalt magmas

An increasing number of studies are being presented demonstrating that volcanic glasses can be heterogeneous at the nanoscale. These nano-heterogeneities can develop both during viscosity measurements in the laboratory and during magma eruptions. Our multifaceted study identifies here total transiti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Communications earth & environment 2022-12, Vol.3 (1), p.1-14, Article 284
Main Authors: Scarani, Alex, Zandonà, Alessio, Di Fiore, Fabrizio, Valdivia, Pedro, Putra, Rizaldi, Miyajima, Nobuyoshi, Bornhöft, Hansjörg, Vona, Alessandro, Deubener, Joachim, Romano, Claudia, Di Genova, Danilo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Basalt
Crystals
Decompression
Degassing
Magma
Melts
Nanocrystals
Supercooling
Titanium dioxide
Transition metal oxides
Viscosity
Viscosity measurement
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Summary:An increasing number of studies are being presented demonstrating that volcanic glasses can be heterogeneous at the nanoscale. These nano-heterogeneities can develop both during viscosity measurements in the laboratory and during magma eruptions. Our multifaceted study identifies here total transition metal oxide content as a crucial compositional factor governing the tendency of basalt melts and glasses towards nanolitization: at both anhydrous and hydrous conditions, an undercooled trachybasalt melt from Mt. Etna readily develops nanocrystals whose formation also hampers viscosity measurements, while a similar but FeO- and TiO 2 -poorer basalt melt from Stromboli proves far more stable at similar conditions. We therefore outline a procedure to reliably derive pure liquid viscosity without the effect of nanocrystals, additionally discussing how subtle compositional differences may contribute to the different eruptive styles of Mt. Etna and Stromboli.
ISSN:2662-4435
2662-4435
DOI:10.1038/s43247-022-00615-2