Nanoparticles for MRI-guided radiation therapy: a review

The development of nanoparticle agents for MRI-guided radiotherapy is growing at an increasing pace, with clinical trials now underway and many pre-clinical evaluation studies ongoing. Gadolinium and iron-oxide-based nanoparticles remain the most clinically advanced nanoparticles to date, although s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancer nanotechnology 2022-12, Vol.13 (1), p.1-28, Article 38
Main Authors: Smith, Leon, Byrne, Hilary L., Waddington, David, Kuncic, Zdenka
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Cancer
Cancer Research
Chemistry and Materials Science
Contrast agents
Gadolinium
Image-guided radiation therapy
Materials Science
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Radiation therapy
Review
RgRT
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Summary:The development of nanoparticle agents for MRI-guided radiotherapy is growing at an increasing pace, with clinical trials now underway and many pre-clinical evaluation studies ongoing. Gadolinium and iron-oxide-based nanoparticles remain the most clinically advanced nanoparticles to date, although several promising candidates are currently under varying stages of development. Goals of current and future generation nanoparticle-based contrast agents for MRI-guided radiotherapy include achieving positive signal contrast on T1-weighted MRI scans, local radiation enhancement at clinically relevant concentrations and, where applicable, avoidance of uptake by the reticuloendothelial system. Exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention effect or the use of active targeting ligands on nanoparticle surfaces is utilised to promote tumour uptake. This review outlines the current status of promising nanoparticle agents for MRI-guided radiation therapy, including several platforms currently undergoing clinical evaluation or at various stages of the pre-clinical development process. Challenges facing nanoparticle agents and possible avenues for current and future development are discussed.
ISSN:1868-6958
1868-6966
DOI:10.1186/s12645-022-00145-8