Geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus Ischnotoma Skuse (Diptera, Tipulidae)

The geometric morphometric analysis is applied for the first time for the family Tipulidae to distinguish evolutionary and biogeographical patterns on species from Neotropical and Australian regions. We included 45 recognized species of the genus, representing its three subgenera . ( ),  ( ), and ....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) CA), 2022-03, Vol.10, p.e13123-e13123, Article e13123
Main Authors: Gouvêa, Jéssica, Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Australia
Biogeography
Biological Evolution
Canonical Variate Analysis
Diptera
Distribution
Entomology
Evolutionary Studies
Morphometrics (Biology)
Morphometry
Museums
Natural history
Nematocera
Physiological aspects
Principal Components Analysis
Regression Analysis
Regression Residual Analysis
Species
Taxonomy
Tipulidae
Tipulomorpha
Wings, Animal
Zoological research
Zoology
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Summary:The geometric morphometric analysis is applied for the first time for the family Tipulidae to distinguish evolutionary and biogeographical patterns on species from Neotropical and Australian regions. We included 45 recognized species of the genus, representing its three subgenera . ( ),  ( ), and . ( ). This paper aims to test if the three subgenera are recoverable using this set of morphometric data. Twenty-two landmarks were selected on the wing, mostly located on the radial and medial veins. A Regression Analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), a Shape Coordinates PCA and a Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) were used to test the variations among individuals, wing shape and groups. For all analyses, the species of ( ) has a strong dissociation from the remaining species and the CVA shows a complete separation of the three subgenera. This study represents the first insight for a new assessment of and the first step to giving a possible new status for . ( ).
ISSN:2167-8359
2167-8359
DOI:10.7717/peerj.13123