Seascapes of fear and competition shape regional seabird movement ecology

• Published in: Communications biology 2022-03, Vol.5 (1), p.208-208, Article 208
• Main Authors: Courbin, Nicolas, Pichegru, Lorien, Seakamela, Mduduzi, Makhado, Azwianewi, Meÿer, Michael, Kotze, Pieter G. H., Mc Cue, Steven A., Péron, Clara, Grémillet, David
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/158/2446; 631/158/856; Animals; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Birds; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Environmental Sciences; Fear; Fisheries; Life Sciences; Seals, Earless
• ISSN: 2399-3642; 2399-3642
• DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03151-z

Fear effects of predators on prey distributions are seldom considered in marine environments, especially over large spatial scales and in conservation contexts. To fill these major gaps, we tested the Seascape of Fear Hypothesis in the Benguela marine ecosystem off South Africa. Using electronic tracking data, we showed that Cape gannets and their predator, the Cape fur seal, co-occurred in daytime and competed with fisheries within coastal areas. At night, gannets are particularly vulnerable to seals, and 28% of the birds returned to the safety of their breeding colony. The remaining 72% slept at the sea surface, but shifted to offshore areas with lower seal attendance, reducing predation risk by 25%. Overall, our integrative study demonstrates how fear and competition shape the seascape of threatened Cape gannets within a marine environment perturbed by climate change and overfishing. Such knowledge has strong implications for the design of marine protected areas. Fear effects of predators on prey distributions are seldom considered in marine environments, even though they have strong implications for the design of marine protected areas. This work demonstrates such ‘Seascape of Fear’ for Cape gannets off South Africa, as they adjusted their at-sea movements relative to those of predatory Cape fur seals.