Chemical composition and antiprotozoal activities of Colombian Lippia spp essential oils and their major components

• Published in: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2010-03, Vol.105 (2), p.184-190
• Main Authors: Escobar, Patricia, Milena Leal, Sandra, Herrera, Laura Viviana, Martinez, Jairo Rene, Stashenko, Elena
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents - chemistry; Antiprotozoal Agents - isolation & purification; Antiprotozoal Agents - pharmacology; Cercopithecus aethiops; Colômbia; cytotoxic activity; essential oils; Leishmania chagasi; Leishmania infantum - drug effects; Lippia; Lippia - chemistry; Oils, Volatile - chemistry; Oils, Volatile - isolation & purification; Oils, Volatile - pharmacology; PARASITOLOGY; Plant Oils - chemistry; Plant Oils - pharmacology; TROPICAL MEDICINE; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosoma cruzi - drug effects; Vero Cells
• ISSN: 0074-0276; 1678-8060; 1678-8060; 0074-0276
• DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762010000200013

The chemical composition and biological activities of 19 essential oils and seven of their major components were tested against free and intracellular forms of Leishmania chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi parasites as well as Vero and THP-1 mammalian cell lines. The essential oils were obtained from different species of Lippia, a widely distributed genus of Colombian plants. They were extracted by microwave radiation-assisted hydro-distillation and characterised by GC-FID and GC-MS. The major components were geranial, neral, limonene, nerol, carvacrol, p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, carvone and thymol. The essential oil of Lippia alba exhibited the highest activity against T. cruzi epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes with an IC50 of 5.5 microg/mL and 12.2 microg/mL, respectively. The essential oil of Lippia origanoides had an IC50 of 4.4 microg/mL in L. chagasi promastigotes and exhibited no toxicity in mammalian cells. Thymol (IC50 3.2 +/- 0.4 microg/mL) and S-carvone (IC50 6.1 +/- 2.2 microg/mL), two of the major components of the active essential oils, were active on intracellular amastigotes of T. cruziinfected Vero cells, with a selective index greater than 10. None of the essential oils or major components tested in this study was active on amastigotes of L. chagasi infected THP-1 cells.